Engaging With Violent Islamic Extremism—Local Policies in Western European Cities

The terrorist attacks at the start of the new millennium shook the world. In Western countries, the new threat of 'home-grown' Islamic terrorism has directed the authorities' attention towards local Muslim communities. Islamic terrorism is generally seenas a sign of the lack of integration of these communities. Authorities therefore often opt for preventive policies in which the engagement with Muslim organisations and spokespersons plays a significant role. However, this engagement comes with its own problems and dilemmas. Should authorities aim for a broad representation of the community or instead go for selective engagement? Are non-violent fundamentalist organisations also to be seen as the enemy? Should authorities enter into public debate with extremist organisations? Is it wise to link anti-radicalisation policies to more general integration policies?