健全水井管理策略與查察管理技術提昇研究計畫(2/3)(附光碟)

水井管理對象係含括產業為抽汲地下水而鑿設之合法水權水井及違法(規)水井等兩部分，因後者數量龐大遠逾前者十數倍至數十倍，依法處理涉及民眾生計與產業發展問題致阻滯不前而難以落實，形成水井管理範圍僅限縮於居絕少數之合法水權水井之奇怪現象，而大量水井存在意含大量抽汲地下水，長年超量抽取除使得地下水資源條件惡化且已衍生地層下陷問題。雲彰地區前期水井調查可查獲水井逾18萬口，佔全國可查獲水井一半以上，本地區近十數年來地層下陷量持續高居全國之首，與數量龐大水井抽汲地下水實有密切關聯。
行政院100年核定「雲彰地區地層下陷具體解決方案暨行動計畫」項下為正視雲彰地區長年積累之水井與產業共生問題，期以全面清(複)查、納管確立管理對象，再予以分類、分級處置與輔導管理等措施，能循序將此陳年課題逐步導入正軌。本計畫為配合經濟部水利署偕同彰化縣政府及雲林縣政府推動健全水井管理示範作業需求，提供技術與行政支援服務。102年度為整體計畫之第二年，於101年度成果基礎下，賡續朝整體計畫預定目標推動相關重要工作。
彰化縣及雲林縣政府自101年第4季公告受理其縣境內既有水井限期申報列案納管作業，受理截止日為102年12月31日，經本計畫彙整統計，受理期間計有315,783件申請案(彰化縣153,659口，雲林縣162,124口)，以農業水井佔86.25%為最大宗，另針對區域、標的之各項統計分析資料，可作為後續辦理申報納管水井複查作業期程規劃安排之參據，而對於整體申報階段作業之檢討分析，可提供後續其他縣市政府援引此模式推動之借鏡參考。此外，為確立納管水井後續處理方向，本計畫協助水利署研擬?雲彰地區水井管理處置作業原則(草案)?，幾經研商修正，已於102年10月函頒彰化縣及雲林縣政府供其擬訂納管水井處置計畫參據，本計畫另已衡酌此作業原則精神研擬架構建議供縣府參考。
為應彰化縣及雲林縣政府下一階段推動納管水井複查確認、裝置辨識標籤作業與後續抽水計量管理需求，本計畫辦理?水井管理資訊網?功能維護擴充、抽水計量管理示範作業及雲彰地區納管水井複查作業手冊研撰等工作。其中，配合雲彰地區水井申報納管、複查作業需求，就?水井管理資訊網?維護更新列案新增、維護、履勘功能並擴充完成列案證明、列案複查資料統計分析、GIS圖形展示、抽水量計算等功能。抽水計量管理示範作業則辦理13處不同標的直接或間接型式量水設備安裝操作維護作業，由3處自記式回傳架構示範點獲取短時距連續量測記錄顯示，豐枯水期抽水量變化均小於20%，初步驗證利用間接式量水設備取得抽水時間資料，亦可獲得一定品質之計量資訊，但對抽水模式複雜、高額抽水量之工業水井，以水表計量是必要的，甚至需要進一步監測其抽水時間；另由16處灌溉水井抽水量與用電量試驗作業成果顯示，為能讓用電量推計抽水量更具實際應用價值，灌溉水井複查作業增加約5分鐘時間進行水管噴射管法測定抽水流量應有其必要，以本計畫16口灌溉水井試驗結果，該區域水管噴射法量測結果乘上修正係數1.249，其與水表量測結果間誤差可縮減為2.5%。依技術層面、成本需求及農民接受度分析探討，大部分灌溉水井採獨立專用電表計量為可達到計量管理目的之可行方法，工業、民生則採水表較為適當，必要時宜加裝監測抽水時間設備，以掌握其抽水型態有無逾越管制規範要求範圍。另本計畫衡酌納管水井後續處置輔導作業需要、本計畫裝置辨識標籤與抽水計量示範作業經驗及彰雲縣府委辦計畫工作成果，研修完成「雲彰地區水井複查作業手冊(初稿)」，經主辦「雲彰地區水井複查作業座談會」研討及配合「雲彰地區納管水井複查作業手冊研商會議」研商意見酌予修正章節架構與內容，將可做為後續複查作業承攬廠商參考依循之標準程序。
本計畫亦依雲彰地區環境特性針對健全水井管理相關措施與策略提出檢討意見與修訂建議，另配合辦理1場「水井管理專家諮詢會議」、3場查核會議(雲林縣、嘉義縣及彰化縣政府)及主辦2場教育訓練課程與座談會，提供經濟部水利署及地方政府行政及技術支援服務。此外，並協助完成101年度經濟部水利署補助地下水管制區各縣市政府執行違法水井處置計畫辦理成果之彙整、成效分析與檢討建議，可做為未來執行方法修正之參考。

Well managed objects contain legitimate and illegal wells, because the latter is far more than a few times to ten times the former. Taking into account the issues of livelihoods and industrial development, according to the law is difficult to implement, resulting in only a limited number of wells the management of legal water rights wells strange phenomenon, that means there are a lot of large number of wells excessive pumping groundwater for many years, so deterioration in the condition of groundwater resources and has been derived subsidence problems. Yunlin and Changhua preliminary investigation wells can be seized more than 180,000, accounting for more than half of the country can be seized by the number of wells, the region continued last ten years the amount of subsidence was first in the country, with a huge number of wells to extract groundwater is indeed closely related .
In the "Action Plan to prevent land subsidence problem in Yunlin and Changhua districts” work projects, inspect all of the wells into management to establish management objects, and then to dispose of classification and grading and counseling management measures, guide the long-term problems of wells and industrial symbiosis in Yunlin and Changhua to the correct path. This project cooperate with the Water Resources Agency, Changhua County and Yunlin County Government to promote the management demonstration operating needs for drafting wells, provide technical and administrative support services. On the basis of the results for2012, 2013 continuing towards the overall plan intended target and promote the important work related.
This project compiled and statistics the quantity of wells into management from the fourth quarter in 2012 to the end of 2013, there are 315,783 application cases (153,659 cases in Changhua County, and 162,124 cases in Yunlin County), which accounted for 86.25% of agricultural wells. The statistical analysis data for different regions and objectives can be used as the basis for inspections of wells inspect operations of process planning arrangements in future. For the review and analysis of the overall application sessions can provide other city and county governments to promote this mode of reference to learn. In addition, help the Water Resources Agency developed “The Well disposal operations management principles in Yunlin and Changhua districts (draft).”, established subsequent processing direction of the management wells, and provided Changhua and Yunlin County in October, 2013, as the basis to develop management wells disposal plans.
This project handling "Well-managed information network" function to maintain expansion, calculate the amount of pumping operations and develop management operations manual inspections wells in Yunlin and Changhua districts. It’s to promote the management wells inspections confirmed, device identification label and calculate the amount of pumping management needs next stage in Yunlin and Changhua districts.
The operations management work for calculate the amount of pumping, handle directly or indirectly the subject of the water amount equipment installation and maintenance for 13 different types, by the 3 recording demonstration consecutive records, the pumping capacity change was less than 20% in wet and dry seasons. In addition, the 16 irrigation wells for water pump and electricity operating results of the test showed that irrigation wells inspector jobs increased by about 5 minutes to estimate pumping flow rate with horizontal pipes flow method is necessary. The test results in this project, the value of estimate pumping flow rate with horizontal pipes flow method multiplied by the correction coefficient 1.249, the measurements errors for the value of estimate pumping flow rate with water meter can be reduced to 2.5%. In addition, this project study and amendments to compled "Well inspections Operations Manual in Yunlin and Changhua districts ", it will be available as an inspections standard procedure for the contract manufacturer to follow the reference operating.
This project handled 1 field "Expert consultation of well management ", 3 field audit meeting for Yunlin County, Chiayi County and Changhua County Government, and 2 field training courses and seminars, provide the Water Resources Agency and local government administrative and technical support services. In addition, this project completed collection, effective analysis, and recommendations the implementation of the outcome which of disposal plan of Water Resources Agency grants local governments in groundwater control area for handling the of illegal wells, as a reference for future amendments to the execution method.