大愛：日本遺孤的故事(英)（簡體書）

Japanese orphans belong to a special group.First of all， they are Chinese citizens according to nationality， yet they are not exactly regular citizens.They are special Chinese personages of Japanese descent.Many of them received a 'nationality certificate of the People's Republic of China' issued by the State Council in the 1950s and 1960s， thus being Chinese citizens.Some not knowing their real identity became Chinese nationality of their own accord.Secondly， an orphan is a social concept referring to juveniles who have lost both of their parents.Hence， without proof regarding the fate of their natural parents， these Japanese foundlings were not technically orphans at all.In fact， they might have more parents than most other people with both living biological and foster parents.Thirdly， the term 'Japanese orphans' only indicates the condition when they were left in China at that time.Today， they are long grown—up， being parents themselves， and even grandparents.In Japan， they are known as Unreturned Compatriots in China'， which could be easily misunderstood as meaning they were kept by Chinese on purpose.Later，Japan changed the term into 'Remained Orphans in China' and 'Remained Compatriots in China'.However， these terms don't exactly fit.In fact， they are more Chinese in terms of either spoken and written language， or lifestyle.They lived in China for decades， learning and using Chinese or one of the country's ethnic languages in their daily life， so they almost or， indeed， totally forgot their mother tongue.Their life became deeply modified by traditional Chinese culture.Hence， they are Chinese of Japan extraction.
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