How many businesses start-ups conduct some or all of their trade ‘off-the-books’? And how many enterprises continue to do some of their work off-the-books once they are more established? What should b
A Commodified World critiques the notion that in Late Capitalism all economic relations become always ever more commodified, while ‘non-capitalist‘ activities disappear. It demonstrates that a combina
A Commodified World critiques the notion that in Late Capitalism all economic relations become always ever more commodified, while ‘non-capitalist‘ activities disappear. It demonstrates that a combina
The “informal” economy – economic activity and income outside government regulation, taxation, and observation – is, by its very nature, difficult to quantify. Recent estimates suggest it accounts, in
The “informal” economy – economic activity and income outside government regulation, taxation, and observation – is, by its very nature, difficult to quantify. Recent estimates suggest it accounts, in
Dependent self-employment is widely perceived as a rapidly growing form of precarious work conducted by marginalized lower-skilled workers subcontracted by large corporations. Unpacking a comprehensiv
Almost everyone residing in a developed nation knows someone who has engaged in paid work that is licit but not reported to the government (e.g., babysitting, gardening, construction, financial consul
