South African National Cinema

South African National Cinema examines how cinema in South Africa represents national identities, particularly with regard to race. This significant and unique contribution establishes interrelationships between South African cinema and key points in South Africa’s history, showing how cinema figures in the making, entrenching and undoing of apartheid. This study spans the twentieth century and beyond through detailed analyses of selected films, beginning with De Voortrekkers (1916) through to Mapantsula (1988) and films produced post apartheid, including Drum (2004), Tsotsi (2005) and Zulu Love Letter (2004).

Jacqueline Maingard discusses how cinema reproduced and constructed a white national identity, taking readers through cinema’s role in building white Afrikaner nationalism in the 1930s and 1940s. She then moves to examine film culture and modernity in the development of black audiences from the 1920s to the 1950s, especially in a group of films that includes Jim Comes to Joburg (1949) and Come Back, Africa (1959). Jacqueline Maingard also considers the effects of the apartheid state’s film subsidy system in the 1960s and 1970s and focuses on cinema against apartheid in the 1980s. She reflects upon shifting national cinema policies following the first democratic election in 1994 and how it became possible for the first time to imagine an inclusive national film culture.

Illustrated throughout with excellent visual examples, this cinema history will be of value to film scholars and historians, as well as to practitioners in South Africa today.

Jacqueline Maingard is a Senior Lecturer and Head of Education in the Department of Drama: Theatre, Film, Television at the University of Bristol. She was formerly at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

List of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1: Colonizing ‘Nation’: De Voortrekkers (1916) Chapter 2: Fictions of Nation: The Symbol of Sacrifice (1918), Sarie Marais (1931) and Moedertjie (1931) Chapter 3: Monuments to Nation: They Built a Nation (1938) and ’n Nasie Hou Koers (1940) Chapter 4: Black Audiences 1920s - 1950s: film culture and modernity Chapter 5: All That Jazz: representing black identities in Zonk! (1950) and Song of Africa (1951) Chapter 6: Cry, Africa: social realism in Cry, the Beloved Country (1951) and Come Back, Africa (1959) Chapter 7: Apartheid Cinema: race, language and ethnicity in state subsidy films Chapter 8: Chimes of Freedom: cinema against apartheid Chapter 9: Screening Nation: new South African cinema/s beyond apartheid Bibliography Filmography