Since the mid-1980s, women have become a major marker of democracy, their presence an index of "good governance" in global and national discourses on the democratization of society. A large and diverse set of nation-states have legislatively mandated "gender quotas" to ensure the presence of elected women representatives (EWRs) in various rungs of governance. Since 1993, the Indian state has legislated a massive program of democratization and decentralization. As a result, more than 1.5 million EWRs have taken office within the "lower" rungs of governance or the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) across all its states.
This book is an "ethnography of the Indian state" and its policy of legislated entry of women into political life. Its locus is the everyday life contexts of EWRs in the southern Indian state of Karnataka who negotiate their own meanings of politics, state, society, empowerment and political subjectivity.
Analysing three factors – structural (lack of resources, administrative practices of decision-making, bureaucratic hierarchies); sociocultural (such as discursive divisions of private and public spheres); and conjunctural limitations imposed on the participation of EWRs by political parties – the author argues that the social embeddedness of PRIs within everyday practices and social relations of identity and power severely constrain and shape the political participation and empowerment of EWRs.
Provides a valuable insight into contemporary state and feminist praxis in India, this book will be of interest to scholars of grass-roots democracy, participatory institutions, gender and the state.
Sreevidya Kalaramadam is Assistant Professor in the Department of Women’s and Gender Studies at William Paterson University, USA.
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