This work takes a new approach to the structural prevention of mass atrocities. It explores resilience within communities and states, amidst challenges associated the risk of mass atrocities, by investigating the conditions that enable vulnerable countries to prevent the perpetration of such violence.
Structural prevention is limited by the way it is commonly framed, that is, identifying and ameliorating the ‘root causes’ of violent conflict or mass atrocities. This is a process that suggests a linear inevitability of violent outcome – the assumption that if these root causes are not addressed, then violent conflict or mass atrocities would almost certainly occur. This approach to prevention also typically involves international actors determining what these root causes are, and what the strategies are to deal with them.
McLoughlin argues that there are two major problems with this commonly accepted approach to structural prevention. First, it is at odds with most of the scholarly research into the causes of genocide and other mass atrocities -the overwhelming consensus is that there is no direct causal link between ‘root causes’ and violent outcomes and second that this approach to structural prevention allows for virtually no consideration of the ways that local and national actors contribute to stability and resilience in many places where these ‘root causes’ exist and yet atrocities do not occur. This book seeks to remedy these problems by arguing that the concept of structural prevention needs to be broadened to incorporate an understanding not only of root causes, but also of what builds resilience and fosters stability. More importantly, it provides a greater understanding of how the risk emanating from the presence of root causes are managed and mitigated by factors that build resilience. Put simply, it investigates what conditions enable vulnerable states to prevent mass atrocities.Developing a new anayltical framework and drawing on case studies from Botswana, Zambia and Tanzania, McLoughlin highlights how each displayed at least a moderate level of risk for the commission of mass atrocities and yet none of these countries experienced atrocities in their tenure as independent states, supporting the arguement that that significant other mitigating factors need to be examined.
This work is a significant contribution to the field of genocide studies and crimes against humanity and will be of interest to students and scholars alike.
Stephen McLoughlin is a Researcher in the Asia Pacific Centre for the Responsibility to Protect at the University of Queensland, Australia
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