This volume presents reports from three recent scientific meetings on special topics.The first report discusses scientific perspectives on individuals’ drive to consume, presented at the confere
By the early thirteenth century, European Jewish life was firmly rooted in the directives and doctrines of the Babylonian Talmud. In 1236, however, an apostate named Nicholas Donin appeared at the cou
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For Generations learned by heart and copied by hand in the Volga region, Kyssa'i Yusuf (The Story of Joseph) is today the only surviving work by Kol Gali (1183-1236), widely considered the founder of
In an earlier biography, Blythe (U. of Memphis) traces the life and writings of Italian student of Thomas Aquinas and eventually bishop of Torcello, Tolomeo (ca.1236-ca.1327), and here offers a compan
La Miracles de Nostre Dame, the major work of French vernacular poet and composer Gautier (1177-1236), was the focus of attention at an interdisciplinary conference in Pittsburgh (no date noted). Euro
St. Francis of Assisi (c. 1181-1226) and Lacopone da Todi (c. 1236-1306) were but two exemplars of a rich school of mystical poets writing in Umbria in the Franciscan religious tradition. Their powerf
The original forced conversion of pagan Livonia, what is now the Baltic states of Latvia and Estonia, was carried out by a military order known as the Brethren of the Sword. In 1236 this order was inc
