美國小學語文(第6冊)（簡體書）

《美國小學語文．第6冊：美國經典小學語文課本》包括了英美文學名篇的方方面面，所選文章都是英語國家讀者所熟悉的名篇，內容豐富而多樣，包括小說、散文、戲劇、詩歌、遊記、書信、演說、回憶錄等，記敘、抒情交相承應，議論、說明互有補充，可謂包羅萬象、不勝枚舉。《美國小學語文．第6冊：美國經典小學語文課本》為全套教材的最後一本，作者的意圖就是選取最偉大作家的最偉大作品。通過本冊的閱讀，讀者會突然發現英語在循序漸進中體現出來的語言魅力，你也可以在鑒賞中從容感悟到異域作品展現在你面前的人文氣息。你大大地進步了！

塞娃阿（ 1860—1920），出身于一個教師和作家的家庭。父親是新教牧師曾在加拿大管理一個牧區，並開辦了一所女子學校和一份叫做Le semeur Canada的報紙。塞娃阿深受父親的影響，她18歲就讀於師範學校，並接受了系統而嚴格的教師素質訓練。19世紀80年代她成為美國馬薩諸塞州劍橋市一所小學的一名教師，豐富的文學知識和家庭的影響，再加上在師範學校的系統訓練，都使塞娃阿在傳道授業中遊刃有餘。她不喜歡像其他教師一樣，用當時既定俗成的教學資料，而是喜歡獨出機杼，創造自己想要的東西，因此她一方面努力工作，另一方面積極地投入到教材的編寫中。從1886年開始，塞娃阿陸續出版了這套影響深遠的“少兒/兒童讀本”系列，它當時的暢銷，使塞娃阿成為美國歷史上第一位有如此成就的女性。

《海外優秀教材編譯文叢?美國經典小學語文課本:美國小學語文(第6冊)(中英文雙語版)》的內容包括了英美文學名篇的方方面面，所選文章都是英語國家讀者所熟悉的名篇，既可作為英語語言學習的讀本，也可作為英美文學鑒賞的范文。本冊所選內容豐富而多樣，體裁包括小說、散文、戲劇、詩歌等，內容則有游記、書信、演說、回憶錄等，記敘、抒情交相承應，議論、說明互有補充，可謂包羅萬象、不勝枚舉。
由于選文大多出自名家手筆、名家又大多出自十九世紀，維多利亞英語的寫作風格在文章中隨處可見。維多利亞英語是現代英語的藍圖和范本，閱讀維多利亞英語有如溯本逐源，尋找現代英語之所以為現代英語之所以，讀者可以在探尋中對英語產生強烈的歷史感，可以在時間維度上對英語產生全新的理解與深刻的把握。
《第六冊》畢竟是整個《美國小學語文》的一個部分，作為其封關之作，《第六冊》是前五冊教程的發展與總結，既有其獨特之處、又有其共同之點，通過閱讀讀者可以發現英語在循序漸進中體現出來的語言魅力，可以在鑒賞中感悟美國語文展現給讀者的人文氣息。英語在這里不僅僅是一門工具，而更是一個生命，具有自己的喜怒哀樂、表達獨特的酸甜苦辣，或在沉思中陶醉、或在激情中迸發，一個生命可以感受到的一切都能在這里找到恰當卻又不同的表達，也許英語學習的關鍵更在于把握這別樣的情感、別樣的思維、別樣的天地。
閱讀美國小學傳世經典教材，感受西方文化教育獨特魅力！語言學習從文化入手。
這是一套原汁原味的美式英語書，它來自美國本土，曾在很長一段時間內被固定為美國小學生的語文教材。單看后兩冊內容，對于我們的小學生而言，它或許有些高不可攀了，但是，整套書看下來是從第一冊開始循序漸進，在不知不覺中很自然地達到這樣的高度的。因此，我相信只要包括小學生在內的英語初學者，從第一冊開始，循著全書的脈絡一步步走下去，必定會達到它最終所設定的目標。因為這是一套經過嚴格篩選和實踐檢驗過的具有科學性的教材。
在全球地球村化的背景下，國人的英語學習更加要緊，這樣一套美國本土的教材，不僅為我們學習正宗強勢語言提供了捷徑，更讓我們熟悉了美國文化，借鑒了美國人的思維方式，一舉兩得，事半功倍。

ARBACES AND THE LION阿爾巴克斯和獅子SPRING IN KENTUCKY 肯塔基的春天WILLIAM WORDSWORTH威廉．華茲華斯TO THE SMALL CELANDINE 致白屈菜DAFFODILS水仙WALDEN POND瓦爾登湖THE PUPPET SHOW 木偶戲THE DESCENT INTO THE MAELSTROM陷入漩渦THE ALBATROSS信天翁PICCIOLA皮西歐拉THE BATTLE AT MANILA 馬尼拉戰役BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC 共和國戰歌THE BATTLE AT MANILA 馬尼拉戰役 THE MOONLIGHT MARCH月光行進A PERILOUS ADVENTURE致命的歷險RALPH WALDO EMERSON拉爾夫．瓦爾多．艾默生EACH AND ALL 萬物EYES 眼睛THE PERCEPTION OF BEAUTY美的感知LOST ON THE MOUNTAIN迷失在山上OLIVER GOLDSMITH奧利弗．古爾德史密斯MOSES AT THE FAIR集市上的摩西THE VILLAGE PREACHER鄉村牧師CASTLES IN SPAIN西班牙城堡THREE HEROINES三位女英雄ENSIGN EPPS， THE COLOR BEARER軍旗手，恩賽因．埃普斯THE BATTLE OF LANDEN蘭登之戰THE PLANTING OF THE APPLE TREE種蘋果樹A HIGHLAND SNOWSTORM高地風暴LEARNING BY HEART背誦A COURT LADY宮廷淑女THE STAG OF CLANRUADHClanruadh 的雄鹿PINE TREES松樹ASPECT OF THE PINES 松樹的神態WORK工作THE MARCH OF THE MARSEILLAIS馬賽進行曲 THE LADY OF SHALOTT夏洛特夫人JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY約翰．洛思羅普．莫特利THE ABDICATION OF CHARLES V查爾斯五世的退位MAZEPPA'S RIDE梅澤帕騎行記THE GENIUS OF A GREAT ARCHITECT一位偉大的設計天才HONEST WORK 誠實的行為SONG OF THE FORGE 鑄造之歌ROBERT BURNS羅伯特．彭斯PLEASURES樂趣FLOW GENTLY， SWEET AFTON輕輕地流淌，美麗的頓河BONNIE DOON 美麗的杜恩河HISTORY OF OUR FLAG國旗的故事THE AMERICAN FLAG美國國旗 DREAM?CHILDREN ： A REVERIE兒童夢想：幻想THE SHANDON BELLS尚登的鐘聲DON QUIXOTE AND THE LIONS唐．吉坷德與獅子THE SIGNING OF THE DECLARATION簽署宣言KING?S MOUNTAIN 國王的山巒TRAILING ARBUTUS藤地莓THE CHRISTIAN KNIGHT AND THE基督騎士和撒拉森騎士A MYSTERIOUS VISITOR神秘的訪客A SCENE FROM WILLIAM TELL《威廉．泰爾》的一場ADDRESS TO THE SURVIVORS OF THE BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL地堡山戰役倖存者演說詞THE AMERICAN UNION美利堅聯邦RECESSIONAL退場讚美詩WILLIAM HICKLING PRESCOTT威廉．希克林．普雷斯科特STORMING THE FORTRESS猛攻堡壘 A COUNTRY SUNDAY鄉村周日THE KING OF GLORY榮耀之主THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY一個沒有祖國的人LOVE OF COUNTRY熱愛鄉村THE HEROINE OF NANCY南希城的女英雄HUMANITY人性AN ICEBERG冰山JOHN HILTON約翰．彌爾頓DEATH OF SAMSON參孫之死MAY MORNING五月清晨ON HISBLINDNESS論失明A CHEERFUL SPIRIT一種愉悅精神THE RELIEF OF LUCKNOW勒克瑙的救援THE BIVOUAC OF THE DEAD死亡的野營地 ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY 墓畔哀歌THE EPITAPH墓誌銘BELSHAZZAR?S FEAST伯沙撒的盛宴THE BATTLE OF QUEBEC 魁北克戰役THE STARLING八哥THE BELFRY PIGEON鐘樓鴿子LADY UNA AND THE LION 尤娜夫人與獅子PURITY OF CHARACTER純潔的的品質DELIGHTS OF READING 讀書的樂趣BREAK， BREAK， BREAK破碎，破碎，破碎WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE威廉．莎士比亞THE THREE CASKETS三個盒子QUOTATIONS FROM SHAKESPEARE莎士比亞引文SHAKESPEARE?S POETRY莎士比亞的詩歌HOME家A PALACE IN A VALLEY山谷中的宮殿TRUE HEROISM真正的英雄主義THE PEN筆CHARACTER OF WASHINGTON華盛頓的性格NATIONAL HYMN國歌

馬尼拉戰役
托馬斯?J.薇薇安
（第一部分）
1898年4月30日，那是星期六的一個下午，當我們到達蘇比克灣時，海軍準將把船上的指揮官召集到了他的客艙，跟他們勾畫了他的進攻方案。
他告訴指揮們，他有充分的理由相信，西班牙人就在馬尼拉海灣，他的意圖是完成總統的指令，摧毀西班牙人的艦隊。我們被告知要做的第一件事就是悄悄地潛入海灣，要盡可能地不吸引到他們的火力，穿過岸邊的堡壘。
星期天的早上死氣沉沉，非常炎熱。黎明前，艦隊頭頂冒著蒸汽緩緩地駛進海灣。航行在最前面的是“奧林匹亞”號旗艦，接著是“羅利”號，再是“海燕”號，再是“康科德”號，最后是“波士頓”號。激戰之后，艦隊迎來了補給艦。
As we rounded out beyond the last point before reaching the entrance, we saw the lights of the great cone of Corregidor burning bright and still, but saw nothing in the shape of a searchlight. Every man was called up and ordered to wash and take a cup of coffee. While this light and early refreshment was being served, all the ships lights were extinguished, except those on the taffrail, and these were hooded. So we crept along until we came into the channel, moving in single file.
In that still air it seemed absolutely impossible for us to escape the attention of the entrance forts, yet we would all have been inside—squadron, supply ships, and convoy—without the Spanish fleet receiving the faintest intimation of our approach if it had not been for an enthusiastic fireman. Throwing open the furnace doors, he ladled in a few shovelfuls of soft coal. Up from the smokestack of the cutter went a great shower of sparks.
Some minutes elapsed before out of the west there came a bugle call, then a flash, and then the rolling boom of a great gun.
Twice more the battery spoke, and with the third shot there came a crack from the “Concord”, and we knew that our first shot had gone out in the shape of a four-inch shell. Then still further back of us the “Boston” sent in an eight-inch shell, and still further to the rear the “Mc Culloch” sounded a few of her four-pounders.
當我們成功越過最后一個火力點，到達入口前，我們看到了行政區里巨大的錐形燈泡發出的耀眼而靜止的光芒，但我們并沒有看到探照燈的影子。所有的人被召集了起來，要求去洗臉和喝杯咖啡清醒一下。當那些少量且有些早的茶點端上來的時候，船上的所有燈光除了船尾欄桿上的都熄滅了，而船尾的那些也被遮蓋住了。因此，我們都呈一列縱隊緩慢行進，直到我們進入海峽。
在那個無風的天氣里，對我們來說，想要避開入口哨兵的注意似乎是絕對不可能的，然而我們都在里面——騎兵、補給艦和護衛艦——如果不算這個狂熱的輪機兵，西班牙艦隊一丁點兒也沒覺察到我們的到來。這名輪機兵掀開火爐門，慷慨地舀出幾鏟煙煤。艦艇大煙囪的頂端冒出一大片燃燒的顆粒。
幾分鐘過去了，這時西面傳來了警報聲，接著是一陣閃光，后來就響起了一片起伏的槍聲。
火炮又響了兩輪，當響起第三輪時，“康科德”號那邊傳來了一聲巨響。我們清楚，我們的第一發外殼長4英寸的炮彈被發射出去了，接著我們后面的“波士頓”號也發出了一枚8英寸的炮彈。再接著，“麥克洛”號的后部又發射了幾枚重磅炮彈。
The batteries kept on flashing and booming a few minutes longer, and then became as silent as they were before we had steamed up.
As soon as we had passed the batteries at the harbor mouth we slowed down, until it seemed as though we were almost at a standstill. The Commodore was talking in an undertone to the rebel Filippino who was acting as a pilot; I could see the figures of the men standing silently at their posts up and down the ship; and looking over her sides I could distinguish no line of demarcation between the dull gray of the vessels and the dark waters of the bay through which we were so slowly slipping.
This creeping, creeping, creeping, with invisible mines below us and an invisible fleet ahead, was a test out of which no man came without a sigh of relief. We were all keyed up, but it was not long before the fighting string in every man’s heart was twanging and singing like that of a taut bow.
As is the fashion of nature in these parts, the dawn turned as suddenly into day as though a curtain had been torn down from the sunlight, and there right ahead of us lay the Spanish fleet tucked up under the forts of Cavity.
炮臺又持續地火光四射，轟隆了幾分鐘。后來，一切變得非常安靜，跟我們到來之前那么安靜一樣。
當我們剛經過港口的炮臺時，我們就緩下了腳步，慢到好像我們看上去沒有動一樣。準將在低聲跟一名菲律賓造反者交談，那位造反者是一名飛行員；我能看到艦艇上那些人的輪廓，他們紋絲不動地站在自己的崗位上；環顧她那邊，我已經無法辨清，灰白色的艦艇和海灣深色水之間的分界線，這時我們正緩慢地穿過海灣。
我們爬著，爬著，既看不見我們底下的地雷，也看不見我們前方的艦隊。對我們來說，這是一個通過后難免都會松口氣的考驗。我們都緊張了起來，但不久前，每個人頭腦中的那根戰斗的弦還鏗鏘有力，像張滿的弓一般。
在這些地區，自然界好像有這種潮流，拂曉突然間就過去了，天空開始泛白，好像我們面前的窗簾突然被掀開，陽光透進來了一樣。就在我們的正前方，停靠著一艘西班牙艦艇，它折起在甲米地堡壘下面。
Commodore Dewey’s fleet consisted of seven vessels, exclusive of the transports. There were four cruisers, two gunboats, one cutter, fifty-seven classified big guns, seventy-four rapid firers and machine guns, and one thousand eight hundred and eight men.
Against us were pitted seven cruisers, five gunboats, two torpedo boats, fifty-two classified big guns, eighty-three rapid firers and machine guns, and one thousand nine hundred and fortyeight men.
It cannot be denied that we had a greater number of heavy guns and that our ships were of modern construction, nor must it be overlooked that the Spanish fleet was much more numerous, and that it had the immense assistance of protecting forts manned with strong garrisons and mounting an unknown number of guns, of whose caliber and force we had been told most terrifying things.
As we passed on the eastward curve before actually beginning the engagement, our lookouts reported that Admiral Montojo’s flag was flying on the cruiser “Reina Cristina”. They reported also that the Spaniards appeared to be protected by a sort of roughly constructed boom of logs.
As we steamed slowly along then, after dropping the supply ships, there came a flash of flame and a boom from the bastions of Cavite, followed immediately by another flame and a sharper report
除了運輸船，準將杜威的艦隊還有7艘艦艇。我方有4艘巡洋艦、2艘炮艦、1艘小汽艇、若干57規格的大炮、若干74規格的速射炮、若干沖鋒槍和1808人。
我們的對手有7艘巡洋艦、5艘炮艦、2艘鱈艦、若干57規格的大炮、若干83規格的速射炮、若干沖鋒槍和1948人。
不可否認，我們有更多的重型武器，而且我們艦隊的構造也更先進。但我們一定不能忽視西班牙艦隊，因為它們的數量要遠勝于我們，它們不僅有堡壘守衛部隊的強力掩護，而且還有一些數量未知，但急劇攀升的機槍。我們已經被告知那些未知的火力非常可怕。
在真正的戰爭模式開始前，我們前進到東面的彎道,這時我們的監視員報告說，海軍司令霍蒙托的旗幟正飄揚在“雷娜?克里斯蒂娜”巡洋艦上，且西班牙人似乎被一種結構粗糙的木吊桿給保護著。
隨著我們的蒸汽船的緩慢行駛，在超過補給艦后，城堡那邊傳來了一道閃光和轟隆聲。緊接著，閃過另一道光，且西班牙旗艦里先進的火炮發出了更加尖銳的爆炸聲。雙方的炮彈from one of the Spanish flagship’s modern guns. Both shots dropped somewhere in the bay, and our only answer was in sending up a string of flags bearing the code watch word, “Remember the ‘Maine’!”
On steamed the fleet, with every gun loaded and every man at his post; but not a lanyard was pulled. Even the Spaniards at Cavity ceased firing as we moved down toward Manila. As we rounded past the city’s water-front, with about four miles of blue water between us and it, we could with our glasses make out the city walls, church towers, and other high places, crowded with sight-seers. As we turned from Manila, the Commodore said something about the picturesqueness of the city, adding that the blue hills at the back of the town reminded him of those of Vermont. It was most unaffectedly said, and was no more tinged with bravado than was Captain Wildes’s use of a palm-leaf fan during the engagement.
As we headed toward the Spanish fleet, their gunners and those of the forts began a right merry fusillade. With all this thundering and snapping of the Spaniards, however, there was no answer from us. Up went the signal, “Hold your fire until close in”, and went on the squadron. Suddenly something happened. Close off the bow of the “Baltimore” there came a shaking of the bay and a geyser of mud and water. Then right ahead of the “Raleigh” came another ugly fountain of harbor soil and water.
都掉落在海灣的某個地方。我方升起旗幟以示回應，也是唯一的回應，旗幟上面寫著“記住‘曼恩’！”
艦隊繼續行進，所有的槍都上了膛，所有人都站在了崗位上，但導火線并沒有被拉響。當我們向馬尼拉深處駛去時，甲米地城堡里的西班牙人甚至停止了射擊。隨著我們繞過城市的海邊，那座城市距離我們大約有4英里，我們能夠用望遠鏡看到城市里的墻壁，教會的塔樓和一些其他的高建筑物，它們上面都擠滿了觀光者。當我們收回觀望時，準將講述這個城市非常美麗別致，還補充說，城鎮后面的青山，使他想起了福蒙特的那些人。他非常真摯地講述著，比起王爾德上校在戰斗中用棕櫚葉自娛自樂，他說話時沒有明顯的虛張聲勢的意思。
當我們的船駛向西班牙艦隊時，他們的機槍手和堡壘里的那些人都開始一陣恰當而悅耳的射擊。西班牙人在那邊發出轟隆噼啪聲，而我們并沒有回應，只是升起了旗幟，上面寫著“逼近前不要射擊”，分艦隊繼續行駛。突然發生了什么。“巴爾的摩”的船頭堵住了，那里的海灣抖動了一下，還冒出間雜著泥土和水的噴泉。隨后，在“羅利”號的正前方，涌出了另一股難看的泉水，泉水里面全是海灣的泥土和水。
We were among the mines at last.
But we did not strike any. These two upheavals is marked the extent of our experience with the “terrible mines” of Manila Bay. The Commodore, his chief of staff, Commander Lamberton, the executive officer Lieutenant Reese, and the navigator were on the for-ward bridge. Captain Gridley was in the conning tower. With a glance at the shore the Commodore turned to the officer next to him and said, “About five thousand yards I should say. eh, Reese?”
“Between that and six thousand, I should think, sir.” Reese answered.
The Commodore then leaned over the railing and called out: —
“When you are ready you may fire, Gridley.”
Instantly the floor of the bridge sprang up beneath “our feet as the port eight-inch gun of our forward turret gave its introductory roar. Our first aim was at the center of the Spanish fleet, the “Olympia’s” shot being particularly directed, as a sort of international mark of courtesy, to the “Reina Cristina”.
As our turret gun rang out, the “Baltimore” and “Boston” took up the chorus, their forward guns pitching in two-hundred-and-fifty-pound shells. The reply of the Spaniards was simply terrific. Their
最后，我們處在雷區了。
但我們并沒有做出任何攻擊。這兩起突變和馬尼拉海灣可怕的地雷，表明了我們經驗的有限程度。準將、他的參謀長蘭伯頓指揮官、主任參謀里斯上尉和航領航員們都站在艦橋的前方。上尉格里德利在指揮塔里面。準將望了一眼海岸，轉過頭跟他身旁的軍官說：“我覺得有大約5000碼遠；嗯，你覺得呢，里斯？”
“先生，我覺得在5000碼到6000碼之間。”里斯答道。
接著準將趴在欄桿上喊道：
“你準備好了就開火吧，格里德利。”
隨后我們前方炮塔的左側，8英寸的火炮率先發出了轟鳴聲，艦橋的門在我們腳下立刻打開了。我們的第一目標是西班牙艦隊的中央，作為一種國際禮節，“奧林匹亞”號的火力特別對準了“雷娜?克里斯蒂娜”號。
隨著我們的炮塔的四面射擊，“巴爾的摩”號和“波士頓”號也應和起來。 它們前面的機槍掉落下250磅的彈殼。西班牙人的還擊異常可怕。它們的船上和岸邊發出了似乎永無休
ship and shore guns seemed to unite in one unending snap and roar, while the scream of their shot, the bursting of shells, made up a din that was as savage as it was unceasing. It was, however, but as the scraping of fiddle strings to the blare and crash of a full orchestra when compared with that which was to follow.
One wailing, shrieking shell was making straight for the “Olympia’s” forward bridge when it exploded about a hundred feet in front of us, one fragment sawing the rigging just over our heads. Another fragment chiselled a long splinter from the deck just under where the Commodore stood; a third smashed the bridge gratings, and all around and about and above us there was the sputter and shriek and roar of projectiles.
But the miracle was that none of us was hit. Through this hail of miraculously impotent steel we steered until within a distance of four thousand yards of the Spanish column.
“Open with all the guns.” said the Commodore; and they were opened. That is, all on the port broadside. By the time the last ship had passed the Spaniards, the “Olympia” had swung around on her return line of attack, and once more we were steaming past Montojo with our starboard guns flaming, roaring, spitting, and smoking as
止的噼啪咆哮聲。這時，射擊時的尖叫聲，彈殼的脫落聲，交織在一起猶如野獸持續的吼叫聲一般。但是，和后面接著發生的相比較，它無論如何都像是一個管弦樂隊激烈的奏鳴聲。
一發哀嚎尖叫著的炮彈徑直飛向“奧林匹亞”號的艦橋。當在我們面前大約100英尺處爆炸時，一塊碎片鋸開了我們頭頂正上方的繩索。其他的在甲板上鑿出一道長長的裂片，剛好落在準將的腳下；還有些碎片撞擊到艦橋的柵欄。我們的四周和上方，全是拋投炮彈和射擊時的噼啪聲、尖叫聲和咆哮聲。
但令人驚訝的是，我們中間沒有人被擊中。穿過那不可思議的破銅爛鐵，我們繼續向前行進，直到離西班牙艦隊還有4000碼時停了下來。
“所有的炮都開火。”準將喊道。這時，它們都轟鳴起來。也就是說，在左邊的船舷的火炮都開火了。這次，最后面的艦船超過西班牙人，“奧林匹亞”號緊急地掉方向，返回到攻擊方向。我們再一次超越了霍蒙托，在我們前進過程中，我們船舷右側的槍炮冒著火舌和煙霧，發
we went. As we passed, the batteries on shore and the Spanish batteries afloat banged away at us, fighting gallantly and furiously. One shot went clean through the “Baltimore”, but hit no one. Another cut the signal halyards from Lieutenant Brumby s hands on the after bridge. Another shell passed through the “Boston’s” foremast, not far from where Captain Wildes was, on the bridge.
出噼啪咆哮聲。當我們超過他們時，岸邊的火炮和西班牙艦船上的火炮朝我們不停地掃射，他們英勇狂暴地戰斗著。一發炮彈完全穿過了“巴爾的摩”號，可它什么也沒擊中。另一發炮彈射向艦艇的后方，切斷了布倫比上尉手中的信號旗繩。還有一發炮彈掠過“波士頓”號艦橋的前桅，那個地方的不遠處站著王爾德上校。
THE BATTLE AT MANILA
(PART Ⅱ)
It was on the third turn that the great naval duel between the two flagships took place.
When we sighted the Spanish fleet, I remarked that the enemy seemed to have no steam up, and that the fleet seemed to lie behind a breakwater. As we came closer to them, however, we saw more clearly the scheme of their order. Put out your right hand with the thumb extended; call the thumb the Cavity spit, and the space between the thumb and the forefinger Cavite Bay. Manila lies about where the nail of the forefinger is. The town of Cavity lies in the pocket of the thumb and forefinger, and the thumb s nail stands for the main Cavit batteries, four in number. Put a pencil halfway across from the thumb s nail to the first joint of the forefinger, and it will stand for the Cavity arsenal with its boom extension. Behind this boom lay the gunboats of the Spanish fleet, while in front of it, facing Manila Bay, were the Spanish cruisers.
馬尼拉戰役
（第二部分）
在雙方旗艦間的海上大決斗中，第三次轉折發生了。
當我們觀察西班牙艦隊時，我注意到敵人的蒸汽船并沒有提速，還注意到艦隊處在防浪堤后面。但當我們靠近他們時，我們更清楚地發現了他們所部署的陰謀。伸出你的右手，張開大拇指；把大拇指當做甲米地暗礁，把食指與拇指中間的部分當做甲米地海灣。馬尼拉大約處在食指指甲處。甲米地鎮處在拇指與食指之間，拇指指甲代表甲米地主要的4座炮臺。拿出鉛筆，在拇指指甲和食指關節的正中畫條線，用來代表甲米地的軍火庫和它的噴桿延長桿。在這些噴桿后面，有一些西班牙艦隊的炮艇，而在它的前方，面對馬尼拉海灣處，有一些西班牙巡洋艦。THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY
馬尼拉海灣戰爭
They lay anchored while we made our first and second parallels of attack, but by the time we were sweeping up on the third course the smoke poured out of the “Reina Cristina’s” smokestacks; there was a fleece of white gathered about the steam pipe, and the flagship moved out to the
在我們同時發出第一次和第二次攻擊時，他們的船拋錨了。但當我們正進行第三輪橫掃時，“雷娜?克里斯蒂娜”號的煙囪上方冒出了黑煙；主蒸汽管周圍聚集了一片白霧，旗艦逃出 attack. She gallantly stood for the “Olympia”, and it looked as though it were her intention to ram us. The Commodore passed the word to concentrate all possible fire on the “Reina Cristina”, and she actually shivered under the battering of our storm of shot and shell. Rents appeared near her water-line where the eight-inch shells had torn their way. One shot struck the port bridge on which Admiral Montojo stood, upon which, like the brave man he was, the Admiral coolly stepped to the other end.
But no bravery could stand the driving, crushing, rending of the tons of steel which we poured into the “Cristina”, and there was quite a little cheer from our forward men as the Spanish flagship slowly turned and made for the shore.
In the whole duel between the “Cristina” and the “Olympia” sixty of the Spanish crew were killed, including the chaplain and the first lieutenant. It was small wonder she retreated. It was during the frightful hubbub of the duel between the Admiral and the Commodore that two gunboats crept out from behind the Cavite pier and started in to do desperate deeds. One stole out along the shore, then turned and made for the supply ships, while the other headed for the “Olympia”.
了攻擊范圍。它英勇忍受住了“奧林匹亞”號的攻擊，它看上去好像要猛烈地撞擊我們。準將下達命令，要盡可能地把所有的火力集中到“雷娜?克里斯蒂娜”號上。事實上，在我們風暴般的狂轟濫炸中，它也開始戰栗了。它的吃水線附近出現裂口，8英寸的炮彈已經撕碎了他們的路。一發炮彈擊中了艦橋，上將霍蒙托剛好站在上面，他好像就是勇敢的人，冷靜地走到了另一端。
可是無論多么勇敢，也抵擋不住我們向“克里斯蒂娜”號投去的數噸的火藥，炮彈傾瀉而下，子彈漫天橫飛。當西班牙艦隊掉轉頭駛向海岸時，我們前方的士兵歡呼雀躍了起來。
在整個“克里斯蒂娜”號和“奧林匹亞”號的決斗中，西班牙方死了60名官兵，其中包括一名牧師和一名中尉。毫無疑問，它撤退了。在海軍上將與準將角斗的可怕騷動聲中，兩艘炮艇偷偷地從甲米地碼頭的后方溜了出來。一艘炮艇偷偷地沿著海岸行駛了一段距離后，轉而朝我方補給艦方向駛了過去，而另一艘則徑直駛向了“奧林匹亞”號。
The “Petrel” was sent after the first, and after a sharp bark or two from her four-pounders, the Spaniard evidently gave up the job and made for the shore. The “Petrel” made after her, and while the Spanish crew clambered over their boat’s sides and on to the beach and up into the underbrush, the “Petrel” turned her rapidfire guns on their craft and literally blew her to pieces.
The other torpedo boat, which was bound to destroy our flagship, made a better fight. Our secondary battery was concentrated on her, but still she kept on until within five hundred yards, and matters were beginning to look serious for us. Then the machine guns in the tops began to treat her to a hailstorm, and this proved too much for this representative of Spanish naval daring. She turned, and as she did so a shell struck her just inside the stern railing, exploded, and the gunboat dipped suddenly in the middle; her stern and bow rose as suddenly in the air, and she disappeared.
After passing five times in front of the enemy, the men having been at their blazing work for two uninterrupted hours, the Commodore concluded that it would be well to call a halt.
“What time is it, Reese?” asked the Commodore.
“Seven forty-five, sir.”
“Breakfast time,” said the Commodore with an odd smile, “run up the signals for ‘cease firing’ and follow me.”
“海燕”號隨后被派出，在它酷似犬吠般地發出一兩顆4磅重的炮彈后，西班牙人顯然放棄了他們的計劃，轉向了海岸。“海燕”號跟在西班牙人后方。隨著西班牙人努力地爬過船緣，上到海岸和躲進灌木叢中，“海燕”號上的速射火炮射向了他們的炮艇，徹底地炸毀了它們。
另一艘魚雷艇不得不摧毀我們的旗艦，來逆轉戰局。我們的第二火炮將火力集中到它身上，但它仍然沖了過來，直到離我們500碼遠。我們的處境開始變得不妙。后來，我們頂部的機關槍狂風暴雨般地射向它。這個魯莽的西班牙海軍代表太吃力了，忍受不住攻擊。它掉轉了船頭，可正當它掉頭時，一發炮彈剛好擊中船尾的圍欄，爆炸了。突然間，炮艇沉入水中；它的船尾和船頭忽然升到空中，消失了。
在敵人面前經過5次后，士兵們已經在酷熱的環境中，連續工作了兩個小時，準將覺得是該暫停一下了。
“現在幾點了，里斯？”準將詢問。
“7點45分了，先生。”
“該吃早飯了，”準將帶著古怪的笑容說道，“升起信號旗，讓他們停火，按我說的去做。”
With that the “Olympia’s” bows were set for a run to the eastern side of the bay where the storeships lay. As we swung out, the Spaniards gave a cheer. They possibly imagined as they saw our line forming to withdraw, that the fight was over. So, too, might the Manila gunners on the Luneta fort have done, for as we passed them they let fly with their Krupp guns.
“No reply, I suppose, sir?” said Lamberton, looking meaningly over to the forward turret, while the men at the five-inch guns were cocking their eyes inquisitively up at the bridge.
“Oh, no,”said the Commodore，“let them amuse themselves if they will. We shall have plenty of opportunity to burn powder. We haven’t begun fighting yet.”
No sooner had we reached the anchorage ground beside the transport ships than the Commodore called all the commanders on board to report. Then it was that the wonder of it came to pass.
Not a ship disabled!
Not a gun out of order!
Not a man killed!
Not a man injured!
就這樣，“奧林匹亞”號的船頭掉向了海灣的東邊，那里停靠著軍需船。隨著我們擺動船頭，西班牙人高興不已。他們可能誤以為戰斗結束了，我們的陣勢是在撤退。因此，落倫禮沓城堡里的炮手們才會那么高興，因為當我們經過他們時，他們的克虜伯炮猛烈地發出進攻。
“先生，我想，不還擊吧？”蘭伯頓問道，意味深長地望著前方的炮塔，與此同時，5英寸火炮旁的士兵，非常好奇地抬起眼睛望向艦橋。
“噢，不，”準將答道，“讓他們自娛自樂吧，如果他們想的話。我們還有很多機會射擊。我們還沒開始戰斗呢。”
我們剛到達運輸船旁的拋錨處，準將就吩咐，所有的指揮官去報道。接著就傳來了那驚訝的聲音。
無一船壞損！
無一槍故障！
無一人死亡！
無一人受傷！
It seemed incredible that this should have been the result to us in that awful two hours-fight, while to the Spaniards it had meant such destruction and desolation. Captain after captain reported the same astounding news to the Commodore.
The Commodore had decided on three hours-rest, and this being ample time for all the preparatory work needed, there was no hurry. First of all, all hands were piped to breakfast, and while I am not historian enough to have the details of every great combat at my pen s point, it strikes me that this deliberate hauling off and sitting down to breakfast in the middle of a seafight, stands as a situation unique in the chronicles of maritime warfare.
The programme for the second act was that we were to finish up the enemy’s fleet, taking one ship after another, and then attend to the forts. Again we sailed around to the Manila channel; and as we drew near the Spaniards we saw that the “Cristina”, the “Castilla”, and the transport “Mindanao”, which latter had been beached about midway between Cavity and Manila, were all ablaze, and that their crews were busy as so many ants trying to put out the flames.
The condition of the Spanish flagship was most pitiable, and before we had commenced firing the second is time we saw Admiral Montojo transferring his flag from the “Cristina” to the “Isla de Cuba”.
似乎有些讓人難以置信，在那可怕的兩小時戰斗中，我方的損傷竟如此之小，而西班牙方卻是如此凄慘，他們遭到了毀滅性的打擊。艦長挨個地向準將報道了同樣的令人震驚的消息。
準將決定休息3小時，這個時間做準備工作足夠了，不用著急。首先，所有的人都被遞來了早餐。然而我不是一個十足的歷史學家，能隨意寫出每次大戰斗的細節。我的印象是，在海戰戰斗狀態下，這是唯一一次有意地避開敵軍，坐下來吃早餐。
我們的第二步計劃是一個一個地消滅敵人的艦船，然后去攻克堡壘。我們再一次圍繞馬尼拉海峽航行；當我們接近西班牙人時，看到了后來被拖上岸的“克里斯蒂娜”號、“卡斯蒂利亞”號和“棉蘭老島”號運輸船，它們大約在甲米地和馬尼拉之間，上面還有火焰。船員們都忙得跟熱鍋上的螞蟻似的，正嘗試著撲滅船上的火。
西班牙旗艦的處境極其可憐，在我們開始第二輪開火前，看到蒙托霍上將已經將他的旗幟從“克里斯蒂娜”號轉移到了“古巴海島”號。
The “Baltimore” headed for the “Cristina” and “Austria”. As she came within range she caught all of the Spanish fire that was left on board those two ships. It seemed that in their desperation the Spaniards fired better at this time than they had in the earlier morning, for one of the foreigners shells exploded on the “Baltimore’s” deck, wounding five men with the splinters. No reply came from the “Baltimore”.
A few minutes passed and another shell landed on the “Baltimore’s” decks, and three other men were hit. Still the “Baltimore” did not reply. Shells plunged about her until she seemed ploughing through a park of fountains. Then, when she reached about a three-thousand-yard range, she swung and poured a broadside into the “Reina Cristina”.
The smoke clouds hid everything for a minute or two, but when they lifted we saw the “Cristina” blow up, and the waters about her beaten with a rain of descending fragments and men. When the rain of her fragments had ceased the “Cristina” settled and sank, the remainder of her crew jumping overboard and swimming for the nearest consort.
The “Baltimore” then turned her attention to the “Don Juan de Austria”, the “Olympia” and “Raleigh” steaming up to complete the destruction in as mercifully brief a time as possible. The three cruisers poured a continuous stream of deadly steel into the Spaniard, which rocked under the smashing.
“巴爾的摩”號直奔“克里斯蒂娜”號和“奧地利”號而去。“巴爾的摩”號進入它們的射程后，遭遇到了那兩艘船上剩余火力的全部攻擊。絕望之際，他們這次的攻擊，似乎要比他們大清早時的還要猛烈，因為一發進口炮彈在“巴爾的摩”號的甲板上爆炸了，碎片傷了5個人。“巴爾的摩”號并沒有給以還擊。
幾分鐘過去了，另一發炮彈落到了“巴爾的摩”號的甲板上，又傷了3個人。“巴爾的摩”號仍然沒有還擊。炮彈不斷地落在它的四周，它就像在公園的噴泉間耕作一般。接著，當它離“雷娜?克里斯蒂娜”約3000碼射程時，它掉頭對它給予了猛烈的還擊。
在一兩分鐘內，煙云籠罩了一切。但當它們抬升時，我們看見“克里斯蒂娜”號爆炸了，它周圍的水吹打著雨一般降落的碎片和人。但當它周圍由碎片和人組成的雨停止之后，“克里斯蒂娜”號沉了下去。船上的幸存者跳進水里，向離他們最近的西班牙船游去。
隨后，“巴爾的摩”號把它的目標交給了“奧地利唐璜”號。“奧林匹亞”號和“羅利”號則開始提速，抓住幸運而短暫的時機徹底摧毀他們。3艘巡洋艦向西班牙艦船持續地發出一連串的致命射擊，艦船搖晃著馬上就要被粉碎了。
The Spaniard replied as best as she could, but in the midst of it all there came a roar that drowned all previous noises. A shell had struck the Spaniard’s magazine and exploded it. Up shot the “Austria’s” decks in the flaming volcano, and so terrific was the explosion that the flying fragments of the cruiser actually tore away all the upper works of the gunboat which lay beside her.
The cruisers “Velasco” and “Castilla” were the next of the enemy’s ships to be wiped out.
Every ship in the Spanish fleet, with one exception, fought most valiantly, but to the “Don Antonio de Ulloa” and her commander Robion should be given the palm for that sort of desperate courage and spirit which leads a man to die fighting. Shot after shot struck the Spaniard s hull, until it was riddled like a sieve. Shell after shell swept her upper decks, until under the awful fire all of her upper guns were useless; but there was no sign of surrender. The main deck crew escaped, but the captain and his officers clung to their wreck. On the lower deck her gun crews stuck to their posts like the heroes they were.
As shot after shot struck the shivering hulk, and still her lower guns answered back as best they could, it seemed as though it were
西班牙人做了最好的應對，但艦船的中部傳來轟鳴聲，淹沒了原先的所有聲音。西班牙人的彈藥庫被一發炮彈擊中，被砸毀了。在燃燒的火山中， “奧地利”號的甲板升起一座燃燒的火山，爆炸非常凄慘，以致它旁邊一艘炮艇的水上部分被飛濺的巡洋艦碎片撕毀了。
“卡斯蒂利亞”號和“韋拉斯科”號巡洋艦是我們下一個要消滅的敵方艦艇。
除了一個外，西班牙艦隊的每艘艦船都英勇地還擊著，但我們應該給“安東尼奧?德?烏利亞”號和它的指揮官羅賓鼓掌，因為他那種孤注一擲的勇氣和氣概可以讓一個人拼死戰斗。子彈一發接著一發撞向西班牙人的船殼，直到它被打成像篩子一樣的馬蜂窩。炮彈也接連地掃平了它水上的甲板，直到它上面所有的火炮在火焰中被燒毀；但他們并沒有任何投降的跡象。主甲板上的船員逃跑了，可上尉和他的官員們緊抓著船的殘骸。下面甲板的炮兵堅守在他們的崗位上，好像他們就是英雄。
炮彈接連撞向搖晃著的廢船，可此時低處的火炮依舊以最快的速度還擊著，看上去就好像不可能擊毀它一樣。最后我們注意到一只船明顯在搖晃，看上去像個病人。它的指揮官也impossible to kill her. At last we noticed that sickening, unmistakable lurch of a sinking ship. Her commander noticed it too; still is there was no surrender. He nailed the Spanish ensign to what was left of the mast, and the “Don Antonio de Ulloa” went down, not only with her colors flying, but also with her lower guns still roaring defiance. It was a brave death, and I am sure every man in the squadron would like to have shaken Commander Robion by the hand.
As the firing grew faster and more furious, and the smoke settled down again, it was again almost impossible to distinguish exact and particular acts. Ship after ship was sunk or burned, until poor old Admiral Montojo, seeing but the shattered and blackened remnants of his fleet, hauled down his colors and, together with the surviving Spaniards, hastily escaped from the sinking and burning hulk, Admiral and officers alike leaving behind them all their personal property and valuables.
One after the other of the shore batteries was settled, and then at 12∶45 came the final blow. The bastions of the Cavity forts had been crumbling under the shells of the “Boston”, “Baltimore” and “Concord”, while the “Raleigh”, “Olympia” and “Petrel” had been devoting themselves to the reduction of the arsenal.
注意到了這種狀況，可他們仍然沒有投降。他把西班牙國旗固定到剩下的桅桿上，“安東尼奧”號沉了下去，不僅伴隨著飄揚的旗幟，也伴隨著它底下仍然呼嘯著奮力反抗著的火炮沉下去了。這是一個壯烈的犧牲，我相信艦隊中的每個人都會向指揮官羅賓致敬。
隨著射擊越來越快、火力越來越兇猛，煙霧再次彌漫了大地。再一次想要精準地辨清每個動作是不可能的了。艦船挨個地沉了下去，或被燒毀，直到可憐的老上將蒙托霍，只看到了他的已被粉碎的燒得發黑的艦船。他妥協了，和幸存的西班牙士兵急匆匆地從著火的正在下沉的廢船上逃跑，上將和軍官都留下了他們所有的私人財產和貴重物品。
海岸的炮臺一個接一個被摧毀了。隨后，在12點45分，最后的號角吹響了。甲米地的堡壘在“波士頓”號、“巴爾的摩”號和“康拉德”號的炮火下坍塌了，而這時“羅利”號、“奧林匹亞”號和“海燕”號負責清掃軍火庫。
After half an hour s fight of this sort the Cavit gunners evidently became demoralized and began to fire wildly. Those guns left in position continued firing, however, until at their back there was a thunderous roar, followed by a heartshaking concussion. A shell had landed in the arsenal magazine. With the upward rush of flames, fragments, and dead, the heart of the Spaniard went out of him, a white flag was run up at the Cavity citadel, and the battle of Manila was over.
Again the commanders were called over to the flagship. Again came the reports: not a gun overthrown! Not a vessel disabled! Not a man killed!
From “With Dewey at Manila”
這樣的戰斗持續了半小時后，甲米地的炮兵顯然變得士氣低落了，他們開始瘋狂地掃射。那些遺留在炮臺的槍炮繼續迸射著火焰，直到他們的后方傳來一陣雷鳴般的喧囂，接著，響起了一個驚心動魄的震動。一顆炮彈落在了軍火彈藥庫里。火焰、碎片、死尸朝上方涌了出去，西班牙的指揮中心倒塌了。在甲米地城堡的上方，一面白色的旗幟升了起來。馬尼拉戰役結束了。
指揮官們再一次被叫到旗艦集合。再次傳來了這樣的報道聲：無一炮被推翻！無一船損壞！無一人死亡！