拿瓦侯傳統之延續

This book is a field study of how ceremonialism is continued in Navajo society with certain comparison with related Chinese and Tibetan cases. The continuation of tradition or culture is a central issue in cultural anthropology. The author’s ambition is to construct models, based on fieldwork, of the processes by which a tradition or culture is continued in societies at different levels of social and economic development. This book, as dealing with a preliterate and simple society, is a first attempt at such a model.

本書旨在探討北美最大的印第安族群─拿瓦侯族如何傳承和延續「傳統」，並比較儒學在中國社會傳承的狀況。本書是台灣研究美洲原住民文化的先驅著作，曾於1971年由中央研究院民族學研究所出版；此次藉由重新出版的機會，作者新增一篇內容為第六章且重新作序，亦修訂原書內容，因此內容更為豐富、確實，具有參閱與收藏的價值。

喬健(Chien CHIAO)

美國康乃爾(Cornell)大學人類學系哲學博士。
先後曾任教美國印第安那(Indiana)大學(1966-1976)；香港中文大學(1976-1995)，為之創建人類學系並擔任系主任；國立東華大學(1995-2005)，為之創建族群關係與文化研究所並擔任所長。曾獲中央民族大學、山西大學、國立東華大學等校聘為榮譽教授。現任中央研究院民族學研究所兼任研究員，世新大學(2005-)講座教授。

專長領域：
文化人類學、社會結構與政治行為、宗教與祭儀、文化諮詢。

專研族群：
包括台灣卑南族、美國拿瓦侯族(Navajo)、華南瑤族、福建惠東漁民、山西樂戶。

LIST OF TABLES 6
LIST OF FIGURES 7
PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION 9
PREFACE TO THE ORIGINAL EDITION 13
INTRODUCTION 17
CHAPTER I THE NAVAJO TRIBE AND ITS TRADITION 29
THE NAVAJO TRIBE 29
THE CEREMONIAL TRADITION 34
CHAPTER II TRANSMISSION 39
DECISION TO LEARN 40
AGE TO BEGIN 48
KINSHIP TIE BETWEEN THE TEACHER AND THE STUDENT 49
PROCEDURE OF LEARNING 53
BECOMING A SINGER 57
PAYING THE TEACHER 58
TEACHER-STUDENT RELATIONSHIP 59
LEARNING MORE CEREMONIES 60
INDIVIDUAL VARIATIONS 67
CHAPTER III DISPENSATION 71
THE DISPENSATOR 71
THE RECIPIENT 76
THE PROCEDURE OF DISPENSATION 81
OBSERVATION OF A BLESSING WAY CEREMONY 84
CHAPTER IV CONCEPTUALIZATION 93
PERSONAL POSSESSION OF TRADITION 93
QUALIFICATION FOR VARIOUS RÔLES 101
Chinese Case 101
Navajo Case 107
CHAPTER V CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY 115
INVOLVEMENT IN CEREMONIALISM 116
ATTITUDE TOWARDS CEREMONIALISM 118
PATTERN OF COGNITION CONCERNING CEREMONIALISM 123
PROSPECT 126
CHAPTER VI NAVAJO SANDPAINTING AND TIBETAN MANDALA: A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON 131
INTRODUCTORY REMARK 131
METHOD AND MATERIAL OF DRAWING 133
COLORS AND DIRECTIONS 135
LIGHT 139
DISPOSAL OF SAND 140
CONCLUDING REMARK 141
APPENDIX 145
I. QUESTIONS FOR INTERVIEWING SINGERS 145
A. Transmission 145
B. Dispensation 146
C. Conceptualization 147
II. QUESTIONS ASKED IN THE SURVEY OF NAVAJO STUDENTS 148
III. LIST OF REAL NAMES AND RESIDENCES OF THE SINGERS INTERVIEWED 149
References 151