Before 1882, the U.S. federal government had never formally deported anyone, but that year an act of Congress made Chinese workers the first group of immigrants eligible for deportation. Over the next
The early twentieth-century advent of aerial bombing made successful evacuations essential to any war effort, but ordinary people resented them deeply. Based on extensive archival research in Germany
Torrie (European history, St. Thomas U., Canada) compares the evacuation efforts in the two countries because sometimes they were distinct and different, and sometimes they were linked and nearly unif
