(內容簡介)讀寫能力,是二十一世紀知識社會的共通貨幣讀寫能力,是二十一世紀知識社會的共通貨幣。讀寫能力不足,將難以參與並融入這個社會。普及讀寫教育,是社會公平的基石,在升學壓力以及屏幕產品圍攻的大環境下,扭轉讀寫教育所面臨的危機,比以往更為迫切。本書提供美國讀寫教育的現場實作,可以帶給臺灣諸多觀念上的啟發,重新思考讀寫教育的價值。──✦──讀寫教育不必等到入學以後才開始美國小兒科醫學會指出,親子共讀可以從六個月大開始;美國幼教協會(National Associaion of Education for Young Children)指出,寫作練習可以從兩歲開始。讀與寫應該從小成為生活的一部分,寫作練習也不必很困難複雜。例如給寶寶一支蠟筆,讓他們邊聽故事邊塗鴉,培養「把想法形諸紙張」的意識,就是最早的寫作練習。──✦──讀與寫,能讓大腦變聰明!愈早開始愈好美國國民教育為十三年,從Kindergarten開始,通常簡寫為K,相當於臺灣學制中的幼兒園大班。各州學制稍有不同,小學通常是一到五年級、中學是六到八年級、高中是九到十二年級。因此本書的「學前」是指五歲以下,「小學中低年級」是K到二年級,「小學中高年級」是三到五年級,「中學」是六到八年級,「高中」是九到十二年級,「大學」及「成人教育」則與臺灣相同。這六個階段,都各有適齡的讀寫教育方案與目標。本書以年齡段劃分為六章,逐章介紹這六個階段的真實現場:第一章介紹零歲到學前的讀寫教育,說明讀寫教育應該儘早開始。雖然親子共讀日漸普及,但幼兒閱讀力差距仍然存在,本章展示了弭平差距的實際做法。例如,紐約一群兒科醫師,對帶幼兒來看診的高風險家庭,除了指導家長理解嬰幼兒發展指標,也請家長與孩子一起閱讀,增進親密互動。經過評估,參加「閱讀療法」的孩子,比沒有參加的孩子,有更好的學習力與專注力,出現分離焦慮、過動、暴力的比例也最低。研究顯示,閱讀是零歲開始讓大腦變聰明的最佳預防醫學。第二章進一步綜合相關研究,探討讀寫教育如何改變成長中的大腦結構。專家與學校為K到二年級這階段的學生設計讀寫系列課程,發現經過三個月練習,孩子們不但讀寫力進步,斷層掃描更顯示「大腦結構有明顯改變」、「與記憶理解有關的皮質增厚」,證實讀寫教育能改變大腦結構,讓孩子「變聰明」,學習力因而提升。並介紹美國小學中低年級的教學現場,如何為學生的讀寫力打下好基礎。第三章說明
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