Understanding Language Testing

Most scholars consider the birth of modern language testing as a field of study to be the year 1961 with the publication of Robert Lado’s book Language Testing and John Carroll’s chapter ‘Fundamental

Despite persistent assertions of washback (the influence of testing on teaching and learning) limited research studies have been undertaken on the subject. Even fewer studies have made use of quantita

Verbal protocol analysis (VPA) is a methodology that is being used extensively by researchers. Recently, individuals working in the area of testing, and in language testing in particular, have begun t

Drawing on actual classroom transcripts from a range of instructional settings, this text constructs a conceptual framework through which second language teachers can recognize patterns of classroom c

本書集結六篇論文（第一、三、四、六篇德文，第二篇西班牙文，第五篇義大利文），本書為因應時代變遷下的教育環境及學生職涯挑戰，在教學方法上所提出新的論述及建構。This book contains essays by various teachers from different universities and departments with the aim of presenting moder

Demand is steadily growing for language tests with a specialized focus which will suit the needs of key professional domains as diverse as business, law, the airline industry, and teacher education. T

Business and Economics is a highly regarded title that equips students with a conceptual understanding and interpretation of statistics and its applications in the business world, while also promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion. The 2024 release takes a step-by-step approach, ensuring that beginners can easily grasp the concepts and succeed in a basic statistics course. With a focus on real-world application, this title uses examples and exercises to illustrate how statistics can be applied to solve current business scenarios. Additionally, the authors recognize the growing importance of data analytics and support the development of these basic skills through an application-based section on data analytics at the end of each chapter along with easily accessible data sets for practice. This title primarily uses Excel, Minitab, and MegaStat to demonstrate statistical analyses, helping users create graphical and descriptive statistics and conduct hypothesis testing.

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Top Grammar Series IntroTop Grammar is a six-level grammar series designed for early beginner to intermediate English learners. The series provides a clear and systematic approach to grammar learning, helping learners build a strong foundation and gradually develop more advanced language skills.With easy-to-follow explanations, visual learning support, and carefully structured practice, Top Grammar supports both classroom instruction and independent study. The series is suitable for use as a main textbook or as supplementary material in after-school programs, private institutes, and general English classrooms. By completing the series, learners gain a solid understanding of essential grammar and improve their accuracy and confidence in English communication.Key FeaturesGradual Sentence Production TasksActivities build from controlled practice to guided writing, supporting step-by-step sentence formation. Practice tasks progress in complexity to reinforce understanding and improve accur

Book DetailsReading Gate 200 is a three-book series designed to provide guided reading practice for intermediate-level readers. The series features a carefully selected mix of fiction and non-fiction texts that will captivate students' attention. The goal of the series is to foster a love of reading while enhancing vocabulary, reading skills, reading fluency, and comprehension. Students who complete the Reading Gate 200 series will greatly improve their reading skills, preparing them for both academic study and personal enjoyment.FeaturesOriginal stories and informative texts developed around interesting reading topicsThought-provoking questions to introduce each unit topicColorful, captivating illustrations and photographs to aid in understandingHigh-frequency words and review words to promote reading competencySkill building activities to develop understanding of the different purposes and aspects of reading passagesReading comprehension activities to build language proficiencyPracti

Book DetailsReading Gate 200 is a three-book series designed to provide guided reading practice for intermediate-level readers. The series features a carefully selected mix of fiction and non-fiction texts that will captivate students' attention. The goal of the series is to foster a love of reading while enhancing vocabulary, reading skills, reading fluency, and comprehension. Students who complete the Reading Gate 201 series will greatly improve their reading skills, preparing them for both academic study and personal enjoyment.FeaturesOriginal stories and informative texts developed around interesting reading topicsThought-provoking questions to introduce each unit topicColorful, captivating illustrations and photographs to aid in understandingHigh-frequency words and review words to promote reading competencySkill building activities to develop understanding of the different purposes and aspects of reading passagesReading comprehension activities to build language proficiencyPracti

Book DetailsReading Gate 200 is a three-book series designed to provide guided reading practice for intermediate-level readers. The series features a carefully selected mix of fiction and non-fiction texts that will captivate students' attention. The goal of the series is to foster a love of reading while enhancing vocabulary, reading skills, reading fluency, and comprehension. Students who complete the Reading Gate 202 series will greatly improve their reading skills, preparing them for both academic study and personal enjoyment.FeaturesOriginal stories and informative texts developed around interesting reading topicsThought-provoking questions to introduce each unit topicColorful, captivating illustrations and photographs to aid in understandingHigh-frequency words and review words to promote reading competencySkill building activities to develop understanding of the different purposes and aspects of reading passagesReading comprehension activities to build language proficiencyPracti

Smart Writers is a three-book series designed to develop the writing skills of English language learners at the low intermediate level of English (CEFR A2). Throughout the series, students learn how to organize their thoughts, explore a variety of writing topics within each unit's theme, and practice paragraph development. The series also reinforces students' understanding of useful grammatical structures through activities modeling writing ideas related to each unit's theme. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to compose paragraphs and essays related to personal experiences or opinions.FeaturesWide variety of engaging writing topics including school, daily life, hobbies and interests, hopes for the future, giving advice, etc.Practical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas to spark students' creative thinkingGraphic organizers t

Smart Writers is a three-book series designed to develop the writing skills of English language learners at the low intermediate level of English (CEFR A2). Throughout the series, students learn how to organize their thoughts, explore a variety of writing topics within each unit's theme, and practice paragraph development. The series also reinforces students' understanding of useful grammatical structures through activities modeling writing ideas related to each unit's theme. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to compose paragraphs and essays related to personal experiences or opinions.FeaturesWide variety of engaging writing topics including school, daily life, hobbies and interests, hopes for the future, giving advice, etc.Practical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas to spark students' creative thinkingGraphic organizers t

Smart Writers is a three-book series designed to develop the writing skills of English language learners at the low intermediate level of English (CEFR A2). Throughout the series, students learn how to organize their thoughts, explore a variety of writing topics within each unit's theme, and practice paragraph development. The series also reinforces students' understanding of useful grammatical structures through activities modeling writing ideas related to each unit's theme. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to compose paragraphs and essays related to personal experiences or opinions.FeaturesWide variety of engaging writing topics including school, daily life, hobbies and interests, hopes for the future, giving advice, etc.Practical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas to spark students' creative thinkingGraphic organizers t

■教師手冊附可下載教學資源(拆封不退)■含課本及作業本解答■線上可下載教學資源包含：課本及作業本聽力音檔、課程影片、考題及課室軟體等■線上資源下載網址：cambridgeone.orgFast, focused exam preparation - a 50-to-60-hour course for the C1 Advanced exam. Intensive revision and practice to quickly maximise performance.Consolidate language and skills forthe C1 Advanced exam success through clear, concise training. Compact builds confidence with its unique step-by-step approach and teaches essential exam strategies through user-friendly Exam tips. The exam-specific Grammar sections and Grammar reference deepen understanding of language structures, while the Speaking bank and Writing bank extend proficiency in productive skills. Compact offers intensive revision and practice to quickly maximise student performance.

■學生自修組合(內含課本+作業本，附解答)(拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：課程音檔、作業本eBook、額外單字及文法練習■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.org★購買提示自修建議購買學生自修組合(課本+作業本，附解答，9781009394963)教師教學另有教師手冊可參考教學指南並下載教學資源 (9781009394956)Compact offers intensive revision and practice to quickly maximise student performance. With this course you will consolidate language and skills for exam success through clear, concise training. Compact helps you build confidence with its unique step-by-step approach and teaches essential exam strategies through user-friendly Exam tips. The exam-specific Grammar sections and Grammar reference deepen understanding of language structures, while the Speaking bank and Writing bank extend proficiency in productive skills. This Self Study pack gives you access to the Workbook eBook, Answer key, Grammar and vocabulary and exam practice all available online on Cambridge One.

■學生課本附線上練習(附解答) (拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：課程音檔、額外單字及文法練習■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.org ★購買提示自修建議購買學生自修組合(課本+作業本，附解答，9781009394963)教師教學另有教師手冊可參考教學指南並下載教學資源 (9781009394956)Compact offers intensive revision and practice to quickly maximise student performance. With this course you will consolidate language and skills for exam success through clear, concise training. Compact helps you build confidence with its unique step-by-step approach and teaches essential exam strategies through user-friendly Exam tips. The exam-specific Grammar sections and Grammar reference deepen understanding of language structures, while the Speaking bank and Writing bank extend proficiency in productive skills. Access to the Answer key, Grammar and vocabulary and exam practice is available online on Cambridge One.

■作業本附線上資源(附解答) (拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：作業本eBook■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.org ★購買提示自修建議購買學生自修組合(課本+作業本，附解答，9781009394963)教師教學另有教師手冊可參考教學指南並下載教學資源 (9781009394956)Compact offers intensive revision and practice to quickly maximise student performance. With this course you will consolidate language and skills for exam success through clear, concise training. Compact helps you build confidence with its unique step-by-step approach and teaches essential exam strategies through user-friendly Exam tips. The exam-specific Grammar sections and Grammar reference deepen understanding of language structures, while the Speaking bank and Writing bank extend proficiency in productive skills. Access to the Answer key, Grammar and vocabulary and exam practice is available online on Cambridge One.

With the advent of the Al era, professionals need to select the right tools to meet new opportunities and challenges! This instructional material focuses on the application of big data analysis, text mining, and machine learning in auditing to assist readers in understanding the latest developments in data analysis and smart audit.JCAATs is a new generation audit software developed by Python, which can be executed in a Windows and MAC operation systems with a multi-language, visual, and easy-to-use interface. Non-IT professionals can easily conduct smart data analysis. Through JCAATs' built-in data fusion technology and OPEN DATA connector, heterogeneous data can be quickly analyzed in real-time and effectively identifying anomalies. The features of this book include:The book is structured to provide a progressive learning experience, with chapters covering different concepts and applications, as well as exercises and practice questions. The official textbook endorsed by ICAEA

3e_PB&AC(拆封不退)■學生課本附線上練習(無解答) (拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：額外單字及文法練習、Test & Train 官方線上模擬試題■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.org ★購買提示自修建議購買學生自修組合(課本+作業本，附解答，9781109162401)課堂使用建議購買學生組合(內含課本+作業本，無附解答，9781009162395)教師教學另有教師手冊可參考教學指南並下載教學資源 (9781009162388)This course allows you to maximize students' performance with the Complete approach to language development and exam training. It creates a stimulating learning environment with eye-catching images, easy-to-navigate units, and fun topics. Students are able to build confidence through our unique understanding of the exam and insights from previous candidate performance, and the Complete exam journey for successful and stress-free outcomes. Access the Cambridge One Digital Pack, optimized for a range of devices, for your bank of learning resources, accompanying Audio, and eBook. Flexible activities include Practice Extra and Test &Train to build strategies and skills for exam success.

3e_PB&AC(拆封不退)■學生組合(內含課本+作業本，無解答)(拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：額外單字及文法練習、Test & Train 官方線上模擬試題■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.orgComplete Student's Pack allows you to maximize students' performance with the Complete approach to language development and exam training. It creates a stimulating learning environment with eye-catching images, easy-to-navigate units, and fun topics. Students build confidence through our unique understanding of the exam and insights from previous candidate performance. The Workbook provides further practice of language and vocabulary. Access the Cambridge One Digital Pack, optimized for a range of devices, for your bank of learning resources including accompanying Audio and eBook. Flexible activities include Practice Extra and Test & Train to build strategies and skills for exam success.

3e_PB&AC(拆封不退)■學生課本附線上練習(附解答) (拆封不退)■CEFR Level: C1■適用程度: Advanced■線上資源含：額外單字及文法練習、Test & Train 官方線上模擬試題■線上平台網址：cambridgeone.org ★購買提示自修建議購買學生自修組合(課本+作業本，附解答，9781109162401)課堂使用建議購買學生組合(內含課本+作業本，無附解答，9781009162395)教師教學另有教師手冊可參考教學指南並下載教學資源 (9781009162388)This course allows you to maximize students' performance with the Complete approach to language development and exam training. It creates a stimulating learning environment with eye-catching images, easy-to-navigate units and fun topics. Students are able to build confidence through our unique understanding of the exam and insights from previous candidate performance, and the Complete exam journey for successful and stress-free outcomes. Access the Cambridge One Digital Pack, optimized for a range of devices, for your bank of learning resources, accompanying Audio and eBook. Flexible activities include Practice Extra, and Test &Train to build strategies and skills for exam success.

Students will find grammar practice enjoyable with New Round-Up. Clear grammar tables and explanations combined with lots of practice make understanding the language easy for young learners. Lessons provide a variety of games and written exercises and students will have plenty of opportunities for additional practice with the interactive student CD-ROM. New Round-Up can be used in class, for homework and for revision.

True Stories 1B, Silver Edition, consists of 20 human-interest stories adapted from newspapers and magazines. The stories are told in simple yet natural language. Pre-reading drawings tell the stories visually and help students get ready for reading.Features of the Silver EditionNew and updated stories maintain the high interest of the series and capture students' imaginations.A colorful new design makes the readings inviting and enhances students' understanding and enjoyment of the stories.A uniform unit structure runs across all six books in the edition, making it easy for students to move seamlessly from one level to the next.Digital Resources include:e-Bookpop-up stories.audio recordings of every reading.answer keys.teaching tips.additional practice activities.

Early Writers is a three-level beginner series designed for elementary school students. The series uses a step-by-step approach to build the writing skills of English language learners in an interesting and fun way. From understanding basic grammar, constructing sentences, and learning how to self-edit, Early Writers guides students through the writing process. Each unit features an original passage with useful vocabulary and helpful sentence patterns which students can use as a model to create their own personal passage. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to communicate.FeaturesWide range of enjoyable writing topics including school subjects, hobbies, emails, and special occasionsPractical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas for students to incorporate in their own writingLarge variety of graphic organizers to assist student

Early Writers is a three-level beginner series designed for elementary school students. The series uses a step-by-step approach to build the writing skills of English language learners in an interesting and fun way. From understanding basic grammar, constructing sentences, and learning how to self-edit, Early Writers guides students through the writing process. Each unit features an original passage with useful vocabulary and helpful sentence patterns which students can use as a model to create their own personal passage. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to communicate.FeaturesWide range of enjoyable writing topics including school subjects, hobbies, emails, and special occasionsPractical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas for students to incorporate in their own writingLarge variety of graphic organizers to assist student

Early Writers is a three-level beginner series designed for elementary school students. The series uses a step-by-step approach to build the writing skills of English language learners in an interesting and fun way. From understanding basic grammar, constructing sentences, and learning how to self-edit, Early Writers guides students through the writing process. Each unit features an original passage with useful vocabulary and helpful sentence patterns which students can use as a model to create their own personal passage. Students who complete this series will develop stronger writing skills and gain confidence in their ability to communicate.FeaturesWide range of enjoyable writing topics including school subjects, hobbies, emails, and special occasionsPractical exercises and activities allowing students to organize and prepare their own passagesMultiple sample passages providing ideas for students to incorporate in their own writingLarge variety of graphic organizers to assist student

If education is to prepare learners for lifelong learning, there needs to be a shift towards deeper learning: a focus on transferable knowledge and problem-solving skills alongside the development of a positive or growth mindset. In this book, a follow up to CLIL, the authors review new developments in the understanding of the interface between language and learning, and propose an original new 'pluriliteracies' approach which refines and develops current thinking in CLIL. It aims to facilitate deeper learning through an explicit focus on disciplinary literacies, guiding learners towards textual fluency, encouraging successful communication across cultures, and providing a key stepping-stone towards becoming responsible global citizens. It both provides strong theoretical grounding, and shows how to put that understanding into practise. Engaging and practical, this book will be invaluable to both academics and education practitioners, and will enable conventional classrooms to be trans

This compact, user-friendly book provides practical tips to help you address the challenges of the teenage classroom. This compact, user-friendly book draws on Herbert Puchta's rich knowledge and experience to help you address the challenges of the teenage classroom. It references recent research and developments in understanding teenagers and offers practical tips for creating positive classroom dynamics and guiding teenagers towards becoming mature and responsible adults.

• Uses fiction, science, and social studies content to develop English literacy, and the skills and strategies necessary to learn independently• Teaches the academic language, vocabulary, phonics, reading, writing, and conversations students need to get an education in English• Includes authentic content from around the world to develops students’ understanding of different cultures and viewpointsPractice Books

• Uses fiction, science, and social studies content to develop English literacy, and the skills and strategies necessary to learn independently• Teaches the academic language, vocabulary, phonics, reading, writing, and conversations students need to get an education in English• Includes authentic content from around the world to develops students’ understanding of different cultures and viewpointsPractice Books 學術字彙✕跨科閱讀✕多元成果展現學習目標高一點，迎向學習高成就！ ▌一套以《國家地理雜誌》圖片及豐富插畫打造國際視野、閱讀素養及跨科知識的雙語教材。精煉學術英文技巧、閱讀理解與溝通表達力。▌全套共六個級數，每個級數分為A、B兩冊，共八個單元。Levels 1~3 涵蓋 Phonics 課程，培養 Learn to Read 實力。Levels 4~6 以閱讀策略強化閱讀理解力。▌每單元含四篇閱讀文本，體裁豐富，主題涵蓋 fiction/non-fiction。▌課程內容著重培養學生邏輯思考力，從 Level 1 開始以 Thinking Map 的心智圖表訓練邏輯思考與資訊整合力。▌Online Practice 以多元的互動練習讓學習無限延伸。教師管理平台讓老師輕鬆掌握班級學習狀況。▌Levels 1~3 可延伸搭配 Read On Your Own 系列讀本，認識常見字，強化 Phonics 解碼力。▌線上資源● For Student- Spark Platform學生帳號內容包含學生課本電子書及Practice（線上練習），可於網頁版瀏覽，或下載手機版Online Practice- NGL App，使用電子書功能。- Spark Platform學生帳號＆Online Practice- NGL App使用期限：12個月

• Uses fiction, science, and social studies content to develop English literacy, and the skills and strategies necessary to learn independently• Teaches the academic language, vocabulary, phonics, reading, writing, and conversations students need to get an education in English• Includes authentic content from around the world to develops students’ understanding of different cultures and viewpointsPractice Books