Comparative-Historical Methods

This 1980 book considers the patterns of population fluctuations of animals and intraspecific social relations by means of comparative methods and discusses the evolution of population regulation mechanisms and social relations. The author proposes that parental care has evolved in environments in which it is difficult for the young to obtain food, whilst high fecundity has evolved in the opposite environment. He presents evidence from a wide range of organisms to argue that during evolution animals repeatedly face the 'choice' of two strategies - low fecundity combined with parental protection, or high fecundity - and that this choice determined the amplitude, regularity and associated main factors of population fluctuations as well as the main characteristics of social relations as expressed in group life or dispersed living involving territory. Although many examples are drawn from insects, with which the author is most familiar, mammal, birds and other animal groups are also examin

An enormous amount of research into British field systems has been undertaken by historical geographers, economic historians and others since H. L. Gray's classic work on English Field Systems was published. Detailed local studies have been legion, generalized explanations of the origins and functioning of field systems few but influential in promoting further studies. This book both synthesises and advances our knowledge of field systems in the British Isles. An introduction by the editors outlines the sources and methods of studies of field systems. There then follow twelve chapters concerned with specific areas within the British Isles. In their own conclusion, the editors consider the problems and perspectives of field system studies in the context of the British Isles as a whole. This chapter is an attempt at generalisation in historical geography, generalization in relation to both existing models of British field systems and putative problems which only further research can reso

This book provides a framework for explaining why governments adopt the policies they do. In addition, it establishes a basis for comparing political systems in terms of their public policies rather than their institutions or political processes. The book begins by placing in a historical perspective the worldwide role of the state as a major provider of goods and services. Following this general background is an 'accounting scheme' that brings some semblance of order to the seemingly infinite variety of policy-relevant variables and makes the comparative study of public policy more manageable. It is suggested that any nation's public policies can be explained in terms of situational, structural, environmental and cultural factors. The second part of the book applies the accounting scheme to an increasingly specific and narrow range of public policies. The author examines one crucial area of public policy - health care - and the evolution of that policy in four diverse nations: Germany

This volume was first published in 1979, just a few years after the Local Government Act of 1972 redrew the map of British local government. Local authorities were also encouraged to change their organization and methods of work; anxiety was expressed about finance, councillor 'calibre' and the credibility of the whole system itself; and neighbourhood councils and public participation in planning were introduced. John Dearlove's aim is to make sense of these changes and the discussion they generated. He does this by showing that both the official case for reorganization and the academic discussion of it have hindered their own understanding by uncritically accepting superficial traditional wisdoms which fail to reveal the concealed ideological positions behind reorganization. Thus, he aims to develop a truly political perspective on reorganisation which is rounded out and given greater depth by the insertion at appropriate points of comparative material drawn from American experience a

A sourcebook devoted to historical archaeology, a significant field of study which blends together the theories and methods of anthropology, history, and archaeology.

For centuries Bali has generated provocative - and often conflicting - images in the minds of ethnographers and travellers alike. Professor Boon places our current understanding of Bali within the context of historical views of Balinese life and religion, beginning with the initial Dutch contacts after 1597. He approaches Balinese culture as a 'social romance' of flexible values and actions keyed to native ideals of an enduring hierarchy. In this way, he explains the changing perspectives of Bali throughout the colonial era; the relationship between marriage and caste; the enthusiasm of various outsiders for Balinese arts and lifestyle; and recent political developments, including communist factions and parties modelled on the idea of an ancestral caste. Based on field work in Indonesia as well as historical research, this book is the first thorough study of Balinese social and cultural dynamics. Professor Boon consolidates approaches from structuralism, comparative literature, interac

This book is an attempt to see the development of domestic institutions, the family, marriage, conjugal roles, in relation to changes in the mode of productive activity, and specifically with the change from hoe to plough agriculture. These differences are related to societies in Africa on the one hand, and in Asia and Europe on the other. The author tries to do this in two ways. He compares information derived from a range of human societies, historical as well as contemporary, employing the impressionistic techniques of the social scientist and comparative historian. But in addition, he has tried to make systematic use of material on a range of world societies, coded in the Ethnographic Atlas. In the main chapters of the book, the author examines general features of the network of traditional social roles found in these two continental areas of the Old World. He discusses the reasons why Europe and Asia should stress marriage within the social group, monogamous unions as well as the

Book VIII is one of the most attractive and important books of Virgil's Aeneid. It includes the visit of Aaneas to the site of the future Rome, the story of Hercules and Cacus, the episode between Venus and Vulcan and the description of the great symbolic shield of Aeneas. Mr Gransden's introduction relates this book to the Aeneid as a whole considers the text in various aspects: the topography, Virgil's sense of history, his typology and symbolism, his literary style and his influence on subsequent vernacular poetry. The commentary discusses points of special interest and difficulty in interpretation, style and prosody and gives detailed explanation of the many allusions in Book VIII to customs, legends, traditions and historical events. This is primarily a textbook for university students and sixth-formers, but it also contains material which may be of interest to students of English and comparative literature.

Africa in the Iron Age is a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to African history between about 500 B.C. and A.D. 1400. The authors are not so much concerned with a particular technological revolution as the enormous changes - political, social and economic - that took place during the period 500 B.C.-A.D. 1400 all over the African continent. The book falls into three parts. Early chapters describe conditions about 500 B.C. when North Africa is already in the Bronze Age, Middle Africa is engaged in Stone Age farming and south of the Sahara most men live by hunting and gathering food. Between 500 B.C. and A.D. 1000 life in settled communities becomes normal throughout the continent. Finally, the Iron Age sees the rise of state systems, the development of long-distance trade and the spread of Islam and Monophysite Christianity. Any study of this period has to combine historical and archaeological methods in the search for evidence and in the subsequent interpretation of data. W

This book deals with technological innovations of the nineteenth century. In a number of self-contained but related essays it treats the salient aspects of technological change that have interested modern economists and economic historians, as well as historians of technology: economically induced invention and innovation, learning by doing in industrial operations, the diffusion of new production techniques, and the bearing of these upon the growth of a society's productivity. The studies are detailed, in the sense that they focus not upon the economy as a whole, but rather upon the experiences of specific industries, branches of manufacturing, and individual productive units such as the mid-Victorial grain farm and the New England cotton textile mill. They attempt to integrate traditional historical methods and materials with a more explicit reliance on economic theorizing and applications of statistical analysis to test hypotheses.

This is an extremely important collection of essays in historical social structure. The volume represents the first attempt to examine in historical and comparative terms the general belief that in the past all families were larger than they are today; that the nuclear family of man, wife and children living alone is particularly characteristic of the present time and came into being with the arrival of industry.

This 1972 volume contains specially written reports by research workers in zoology, psychology and psychiatry applying methods of comparative ethology in studies of human behaviour. It is intended as a contrast to popular researches in animal behaviour. There has been a considerable increase in the number of descriptive/analytical studies of human behaviour concerned principally with the behaviour of children and their mothers, and the methods have become widely used. The present collection of papers assesses the value of the methods and clarifies the particular contributions which they may make to an understanding of human behaviour. The papers cover a range of topics familiar from animal studies: non-verbal communication, mother-infant interaction, play and aggressive behaviour, but also range widely into more usual subjects for developmental psychology: cross-cultural studies, development of skills, class differences in mother-infant interactions. This is essentially a book for rese

Master Symbol List Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Historical Perspective 1.2 The Profusion of Separation Methods 1.3 About the Book Part One Fundamentals Chapter 2. Separation Equilibria 2.1 Thermodynami

The fundamental methods and principles of historical study are introduced, including the uses of primary and secondary sources and diverse research techniques

Written by a prominent figure in the field, this book provides an accessible introduction to comparative methodology. Drawing on a wide range of approaches throughout, it is essential reading for anyo

This volume is a collection of historical and comparative essays, describing and analyzing Christian presence and progress in North-East Asia. The authors originate from China, Japan, Korea, Canada, t

The World of Cities is a concise theoretical and empirical introduction to urban sociology. In clear and engaging terms, the book surveys and critiques all the major theoretical perspectives in urban

An Unproclaimed Empire the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is an interdisciplinary study of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) that is historical in subject but social scientific in approach. It is also the

First Published in 1992. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Because the "Altaic" divergence and convergence theories have been thoroughly disproven on scientific grounds, Shimunek does not discuss them in detail, and finds that most of the other hypotheses

Ballet Practice and History is a complete, inclusive resource on ballet training and history for the beginning teen-adult reader. Unique in its balanced discussion of technique and history, this book guides readers through an accessible methodology of training while also presenting ballet's historical development through a culturally inclusive lens. Part One presents a progression of study guiding the reader through a series of eight scaffolded lessons, including terminology, descriptions, learning guides and lessons. Methods of learning ballet are presented in a healthy and anatomically sound approach for diverse audiences. Each chapter has a dedicated ballet class to reinforce terminology and concepts, available as a video lesson for readers to follow. Part Two presents a global survey of ballet's historical development expanding on the traditional European context to include histories in Mexico, Cuba, South America, South Africa and East-Asia. It also discusses cultural issues assoc

Introduction to Intelligence: Institutions, Operations, and Analysis offers you a strategic, international, and comparative approach to covering intelligence organizations and domestic security issues. Written by multiple authors, each chapter draws on the author's professional and scholarly expertise in the subject matter. As a core text for an introductory survey course in intelligence, this text provides you with a comprehensive introduction to intelligence, including institutions and processes, collection, communications, and common analytic methods.

同源還是親緣，學界爭論不休。《歷史比較語言學理論：從同源論到親緣度》在《超級語系：歷史比較語言學的新理論》的基礎上繼續探討了國外學者對世界語言的分類研究。傳統的歷史比較法已遠遠滿足不了現今的歷史語言學研究，來自生物科學和計算機科學等領域的方法論推動了歷史語言學的發展，並從三個方面（相似、特徵、距離）影響了歷史語言學方法論，把歷史語言學研究推向新的發展階段。

(Musicians Institute Press). Designed to help today's up-and-coming DJs become familiar with the main methods of DJ-ing, this book teaches the important historical and technological langdmarks that ha

Social Network Analysis (SNA) methods have in recent years become increasingly influential in historical research. The network concept is no longer a mere metaphor but has become a core research metho

Offering historical and comparative perspectives, this study employs political economy as a framework for examining China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The book begins with a literature review

Using historical and ethnographic methods, this book explores transitions in popular Indian nationalism. It highlights the shifts and transitions from the Pax Britannica to the Pax Americana over the

The emergence of a sense of the past in Renaissance humanism gave rise to a new historical consciousness about the meaning of history and methods of historical enquiry. This book, originally published