European Data Protection

Hong Kong and Macau have both been Special Administrative Regions of China since 1999. To this day, however, the two SARs and mainland China have yet to form a cohesive agreement for extradition. Yanhong Yin proposes a theoretical model—the China Arrest Warrant—that fulfils three essential criteria: compliance with the framework of “One Country, Two Systems,” allowance for differences within the three divergent legal systems, and sufficient human rights protection. This model takes direct inspiration from the European Arrest Warrant, which is undergirded by the principle of mutual recognition—the idea that while states may make different decisions on a wide range of matters, results will be accepted as equivalent to decisions made by one’s own state. The success of the European Union’s adoption of mutual recognition across political, economic, and legal situations is instrumental in providing a blueprint for judicial cooperation among mainland China, Hong Kong SAR, and Macau SAR. Th

With an increasing concern of personal data privacy in Hong Kong and around the world, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (PCPD), Hong Kong publishes this third edition of Personal Data (Privacy) Law in Hong Kong: A Practical Guide on Compliance to provide practical guidance on the law of privacy, and the ways to protect personal data in everyday life. This third edition will guide readers through the recent developments of personal data privacy in the local, regional and global contexts with updates on recent Administrative Appeals Board and Court decisions, and investigation reports and materials from the PCPD. In addition, some most-concerned issues are discussed, such as ethical development and use of AI, the collection and use of personal data by employers during COVID-19, data protection under work-from-home arrangements, data security measures for ICT systems, guidelines on doxxing offences and data breach handling. This book will certainly provide read

The idea of a right to privacy, which arose in reaction to the rapid rise of newspapers, instant photography and the “paparazzi” of the 19th century, has evolved into a constitutional right in much of the developed world. It is enshrined in Hong Kong through Articles 28, 29, 30 and 39 of the Basic Law. Hong Kong stands proud as the first jurisdiction in Asia to enact legislation to safeguard personal data in the form of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Cap 486 (“the Ordinance”) which came into force in 1996. At its centre are the six Data Protection Principles based on the 1980 OECD Guidelines. The office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data was created under this legislation to provide oversight and ensure compliance. The Octopus scandal in mid-2010 eventually led to substantial changes being made to the Ordinance that were enacted in 2012 and 2013, the main amendments being the Direct Marketing provisions and the provision of legal assistance and representation to aggr

資訊安全的需求伴隨著科技的發展而提升，當相關的科技發展與應用逐漸增加時，安全議題也隨之產生，而量子計算、人工智慧與Docker容器，為近年相當熱門的議題，隨著技術的發展與企業的採用，資安防護需求伴隨而增，另外重要的資安事件也會趨動政府以及企業的投入，如工業控制系統以及韌體的安全，受到近年的資安事件頻傳而逐漸受到各界的重視。 2017年資訊安全市場結構，營收排名前10的業者，其佔據了整體資訊安全市場的半壁江山，而餘下的市場，則由各式樣貌多元的中小型資安業者分而食之，充分呈現出一個兩極的市場結構。 2018年歐盟「一般資料保護規範」法規（General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR），為個人隱私保護翻開嶄新的一頁，人工智慧技術、區塊鏈、乃至於5G網路，逐步走向落地、導入與商轉階段，更為全球資訊安全市場開啟更多的機會。 智慧城市發展仰賴於城市設施布建大量物聯網裝置，並透過各式通訊網路將資訊回傳，進行分析與決策。然而物聯網裝置本身運算能力弱、架構簡單，廠商多元且規範不一致，極易成為駭客攻擊的熱區，從單點突破進而癱瘓整個城市系統，因此近年來資訊安全議題逐漸受到高度重視。此外物聯網的設備相當多元，包含汽車、家庭用品、大眾運輸工具以及基礎建設等，皆可視為物聯網的設備，其安全防護方式也大相逕庭。預估，全球物聯網資訊安全市場可望在未來高速成長，至2022年市場規模可達44億美元。 近年資安威脅情勢持續升高，驅使資安產品或服務業者亟須強化其防護能力。由於基於機器學習的人工智慧技術能夠分析更複雜、非結構化的資料並解決難以定義規則的問題，可協助企業處理多樣載具聯網、多種網路連結、大量異質數據及更多資安攻擊行為的複雜狀況，因此使得運用人工智慧技術的資安防護方案成為相關業者發展重點。 國際大廠使用人工智慧技術來進行資安防禦和監控的方案，以主動發現異常行為與針對性攻擊，並自動化防禦進階的資安威脅，以節省企業人力過多用於資安監控，並有效控管企業數位轉型過程中引發的資安風險。相關業者如傳統防毒、端點保護廠商，防火牆、網路設備廠商，電腦、伺服器設備廠商，乃至於晶片廠商、電信服務商等，均積極布局物聯網資安市場。 本書以資訊安全為主題，內容涵蓋全球資安市場產業分析、政策分析、資安大廠發展，以及人工智慧資安和物聯

The idea of a right to privacy, which arose in reaction to the rapid rise of newspapers, instant photography and the “paparazzi” of the 19th century, has evolved into a constitutional right in much of the developed world. It is enshrined in Hong Kong through Articles 28, 29, 30 and 39 of the Basic Law. Hong Kong stands proud as the first jurisdiction in Asia to enact legislation to safeguard personal data in the form of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, Cap 486 (“the Ordinance”) which came into force in 1996. At its centre are the six Data Protection Principles based on the 1980 OECD Guidelines. The office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data was created under this legislation to provide oversight and ensure compliance. The Octopus scandal in mid-2010 eventually led to substantial changes being made to the Ordinance that were enacted in 2012 and 2013, the main amendments being the Direct Marketing provisions and the provision of legal assistance and representation to aggr