Learning Their Language

Self-Access Language Learning (SALL) has played a prominent part in language education in universities. Its role is to foster autonomous learning among students. With the wide-spread implementation of SALL and its increasing impacts on students, it is important to understand how SALL is managed in order to meet the learning needs of the users in the most resource-effective way. This book provides readers with an understanding of SALL management by setting the discussion against a wider backdrop and also examining details of current good practice. The authors examine issues of leadership and management in education before turning to look at the roles of a SALL manager, and suggest how these roles are changing and what the future may hold for managing SALL. Case studies are used to illustrate how SALL is managed in different universities as a way of contextualising the issues discussed in the book. The book is of relevance to institutional and departmental managers, classroom-based lan

Learning Chinese Language and Culture is an intermediate level textbook, which was intended to be used throughout the entire school year and designed mainly for students who have completed introductory courses of Chinese as a foreign language. This book illustrates Chinese language knowledge and introduces Chinese culture in twenty-two lessons, covering a variety of cultural content, including customs and manners, holidays and festivals, poems and idioms, calligraphy and couplets, myths and legends, feng shui and superstitions, and historical relics and sceneries and many others. In every lesson, the authors have strived to maintain a clear topic and a coherent structure. They have also endeavored to keep the contents lively and achieve a fluent writing style while closely controlling the structure and grammar of every lesson.

Learning Chinese Language and Culture is an intermediate level textbook, which was intended to be used throughout the entire school year and designed mainly for students who have completed introductory courses of Chinese as a foreign language. This book illustrates Chinese language knowledge and introduces Chinese culture in twenty-two lessons, covering a variety of cultural content, including customs and manners, holidays and festivals, poems and idioms, calligraphy and couplets, myths and legends, feng shui and superstitions, and historical relics and sceneries and many others. In every lesson, the authors have strived to maintain a clear topic and a coherent structure. They have also endeavored to keep the contents lively and achieve a fluent writing style while closely controlling the structure and grammar of every lesson.

本書集結六篇論文（第一、三、四、六篇德文，第二篇西班牙文，第五篇義大利文），本書為因應時代變遷下的教育環境及學生職涯挑戰，在教學方法上所提出新的論述及建構。 This book contains essays by various teachers from different universities and departments with the aim of presenting modern teaching methods for the changed learning and study conditions on the basis of theoretical preliminary considerations. Language teachers at Taiwanese universities often encounter similar difficulties in designing lessons: students’ increasing frustration and lack of motivation. Many students experience a high level of frustration and demotivation; they cannot find future prospects in language studies. Confronted with reality of time-consuming internships, part-time jobs and life, many students become painfully aware that a linguistic degree won’t prepare them for later work or provides career opportunities. In addition, they realize their low language skills and life experiences. Aware of that problem, the language departments have to find new teaching methods and create curricula which

A number of research groups around the world have begun to study how the brain acquires and processes language, but we still know comparatively little about it. Many such groups work on very specific, often narrow, problems. This approach is certainly necessary, but a broad perspective can be helpful, if not essential, too. This volume consists of an important collection of papers presented at the Seminar on Language, Evolution, and the Brain (SLEB), hosted by the International Institute for Advanced Studies in Kyoto, Japan, bringing together distinguished researchers with background in cognitive science, anthropology, linguistics, robotics, physics, etc. Major topics discussed here include: Creoles and pidgins, and their implications regarding language evolution. Quantitative analysis and modeling of various aspects of language evolution, including the evolution of lexical items and color terms, the emergence of linguistics categories, and the dynamics of language competition. The ev

Assessment is an important part of effective teaching and learning. It allows achievements to be recognized and helps both teachers and learners to reflect on and review their performance and progress. While assessment has long been an end-of-learning activity to measure what learners can do, the outcome-oriented approach does not always foster learning motivation effectively. A new perspective now encourages ongoing appraisal in the classroom to improve learning. This book reflects current thinking of assessment with a stated focus on assessment for learning (AfL). It informs teachers about the latest developments and provides teachers with important tools for integrating assessment in the classroom. The discussions on assessment theories are in-depth and the examples used for illustrating the concepts are plentiful.

This reader is designed for an intermediate-level Chinese course in which students not only develop proficiency in the Chinese language but also gain some knowledge of Chinese culture. It consists of twenty-two lessons, which are arranged according to their level of difficulty. Each lesson contains a core text and a reading text. The contents of the texts cover a wide variety of topics, including Chinese language structures and characters, Chinese customs, proverbs, holidays, social phenomena, religions, poetry and geography, as well as Chinese folklore. A list of questions for group discussion follows the text in each chapter to help students further explore issues related to Chinese culture and to their own lives. Grammar notes and exercises for relevant grammatical points are introduced after each core text to enhance students’ skills of reading, comprehension and writing. The grammar notes are all explained in English and illustrated through sample sentences in Chinese with Engli

“In order to afford their readers optimal access to a text that has been poorly understood and unfairly denigrated over the years, in addition to their definitive English translation and their critical Chinese text, Ian Johnston and Wang Ping have provided us with the broadest interpretative context imaginable.” —ROGER T. AMES Peking University The Liezi is a work attributed to the Daoist Lie Yukou, who, according to the traditional account, lived during the later part of the fifth and first part of the fourth centuries BCE. This places him between the first wave of philosophers of the pre-Han “Hundred Schools” (notably Lao Zi, Confucius, Mo Di, and Deng Xi) and the second wave, from mid-fourth to the end of the third centuries BCE. Thus, he may be said to have responded to the former and prefigured the latter. The Liezi we have today is the recension by the Xuanxue (Dark Learning, third to fifth centuries CE) scholar Zhang Zhan and is accompanied by Zhang’s commentary, which is a ph

Travels and Revelations: 23 Essays by Zhang Chengzhi is about cultures which the author knows intimately. With sophisticated sensibility, he describes the tangible cultures of Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Ningxia and Xinjiang in recent decades – the landscapes and cityscapes, the roads and waterways, the rural and urban dwellings, the working and living habits, and the outstanding symbols and totems. Like a traveller pausing before stunning scenery – the Mongolian grasslands, the yellow-earth plateaus, the Yellow River’s mighty gorges – he reflects on the intangible cultures that have made the Han, the Hui, the Mongolian and the Uyghur peoples who they are, and contemplates on their language usages, socio-political dilemmas, philosophical traditions, beliefs and biases and their religious aspirations. These essays show how deeply Zhang Chengzhi understands modern China’s painful evolution through war and revolution and how deeply he is attached to his Hui–Muslim roots. They also

"My Journey to the West was inspired by my father, uncles and grandfather’s ventures to the Gold Mountain at a very young age. I had already made up my mind that I would follow their paths and embark on this adventurous journey when I grew up and searched for my own fortune." ：Brian Wong 黃榮富 From a small village to the west. From a fish pond to Hong Kong. Across the ocean to the port city of Liverpool... The story of searching for Gold Mountain started with a little boy, Brian Wong, who was living in Kaiping City, a small village in China. Brian Wong knew that one day he would embark on this perilous journey—language difficulties, prejudice—but owing to his endurance and hardworking spirit, he overcame. Follow the steps of his ancestors to achieve his dream of a golden mountain. It is a story about Brian Wong and all the overseas Chinese. See how they built Chinese culture in a foreign land with the Chinese spirit. Over 200 years ago the Wuyi people (Note 1) consisted of fi

Historical memory has a particular value in analyzing events and characters that give life to stories from the past. Jorge Edwards specifies that the story’s description is nothing more than the literary success of a writer who navigates the vicissitudes of life and history, as he rightly points out. History must be observed carefully and as a “conjecture” that points, in the first place, to an experience of “memory” and that keeps alive, despite time, the unique reality of a country and its people. Like Edwards, we attempt to wander through reminiscences and recollection. Our narrative experience is simple. However, it is an observation and representation of history with a testimonial value in its approach. As the novelist points out, the testimony of history is the most creative thing that the writer has. In the same way, our effort is neither more nor less the rescue, through these short stories and their language, of facts and characters that are part of realities, in which their p

《全方位華語精進讀本》提供中文學習者精選閱讀素材 以第二外語學習者的詞彙及程度編寫，契合需求 有效提升閱讀理解能力！ 除了一般教材，閱讀理解力的提升是語言學習的關鍵。 第二外語學習者的閱讀力需求，包含適量的詞彙、符合學習程度的句型語法、適當的主題題材、充分的詞彙應用說明，以及大量的練習題檢視吸收成效。 本書為資深海外及國內華語教師團隊撰寫的閱讀材料，書中選題契合時代趨勢，用詞遣字斟酌符合學習者需求，而清楚明瞭的結構培養閱讀寫作能力，精心設計的習題測驗理解程度，更加鍛鍊學習要點，並延伸學習應用變化。 除了契合語言學習的需求，同時亦可為華語能力測驗做準備。 適用對象：《當代中文課程》第三冊延伸閱讀、TOCFL Designed for students learning Chinese at intermediate through advanced-low proficiency levels, The Ultimate Chinese Reader cover engaging topics from Chinese literature, history & geography, technology, and culture studies, suitable for all learners to polish their reading comprehension abilities. It can be useful resource to the preparation for TOCFL as well. Each chapter includes vocabulary and intense exercise and practice section especially designed to further enhance reading and writing skills. The Ultimate Chinese Reader may be used independently for reading courses or as supplementary materials in existing Chinese learning programs. This book is ideal for learners with

內容簡介 ˙The learning goals that center on the thematic units are set in accordance with the language proficiency levels, established by the ACTFL ˙To Comply with the pedagogical principle of backward design to establish the teaching/learning goals for the intermediate learner of Chinese ˙Integrates into its thematic contents the ACTFL-defined, three mores of language uses as well the 5C concepts ˙Assist the learner to achieve holistic progress and to cultivate specific linguistic abilities of Chinese ˙The selecting of keywords/phrases in thetextbooks is greatly in line with vocabulary levels defined by the HSK and by the TOCFL. The regional difference in language uses between the two sides of theTaiwan Strait are also meticulously annotated in the textbooks In recent years, the background of learners has become diversified, and the number of self-study students of elementary Chinese is also increasing. On the pedagogical front, however, learning materials, found to be biased towards s

Studies in Colloquial Chinese and Its History: Dialect and Text presents cutting-edge research into issues regarding prestige colloquial languages in China in their spoken forms and as well as their relationship to written forms and the colloquial literary language. These include the standard regional languages and prestige dialects of the past, the influence of historical forms of spoken Chinese on written Chinese, the history of guānhuà and the history of báihuà, proto-dialects and supra-regional common languages (koines), and their relationship to spoken dialects. The various studies in this collection focus on the dialect groups with the most substantial written tradition, including Mandarin, Wu, Min, and Cantonese, in north, central and eastern coastal, and southern China respectively. The contributors explore the histories of these dialects in their written and spoken forms, presenting a variegated view of the history and development of the regional forms, including their evoluti

拉丁詞語是英文法律乃至歐洲法律的一大語言特色。作為專業術語，拉丁詞語濃縮了法律人士之間的共識，其在醫學領域也有同樣的作用。掌握這些拉丁術語很有挑戰性，但也大有裨益。 本書是第一本以香港常用的拉丁法律詞彙翻譯為主題的中英文法律專書，挑選了在香港法律領域中105個最常用的拉丁詞語作解釋。本書除提供基本資訊，如詞性、讀音和詞義外，更提供詞語的中英文翻譯、從雙語法律文本中篩選的適當例句，以及根據雙語判決書提供每個詞彙的使用率。 《香港法律語言常見拉丁詞彙》極具實用參考價值，有助律師、法律從業員、翻譯人員、法律系學生等掌握拉丁法律詞語的用法，亦有助其他讀者認識法律語言及了解香港語言狀況。 Latin terms constitute a special feature of English legal language as well as the language of Law in many European countries. They encapsulate specific meanings shared across the legal professions internationally, as is the case with medical terms in Latin. Mastering them can be both challenging and rewarding. Featuring 105 Latin legal terms, this is the first Chinese-English book to describe the most commonly used Latin words and phrases found in Hong Kong’s legal instruments and laws. The bilingual examples were meticulously collected from statutory and judicial sources to help readers better understand their meanings and their actual usage in the context of Hong Kong. The provision of usage

本書以述評形式介紹國外英語語言文學類重點學術刊物2018年度在英美文學研究、比較文學研究、文藝理論研究、認知語言學研究、翻譯學研究以及二語習得等方面的最新學術研究動態與研究成果。述評文章均選自相關領域期刊, 如Journal of Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Studies of Second Language Acquisition, Language Learning, Language Testing, Comparative Literature, Boundary-2, New Literary History, American Literature, ELH, Target, Translation and Literature等。 重在述評，務求及時、準確、全面地把握國外研究界在上述各領域的最新研究動態，以期為國內英語學界搭建一座與當代國外英語語言文學研究前沿接軌的學術橋樑。特色在於以述評為重點，力求通過述評及時、準確、全面把握2018年度國外英語語言文學學界在英美文學、比較文學、文藝理論、認知語言學、翻譯學和二語習得等方面發表的最新研究成果。因此，本書將是國內英語學界的填補空白之作。

Appropriate for use by students at varying levels of competence, Burmese: A Cultural Approach provides a thorough and systematic introduction to the Burmese writing system in Part One and a series of true-to-life conversations in Part Two. Students with some prior knowledge of the spoken language but little familiarity with the Burmese script can use Part One to solidify their grasp of the Burmese sound system as well as its orthography. Intrepid beginners could also start their study of the language by making use of Part One. Doing so would mean making a slower start at formulating phrases as compared to using a romanization system but learners would gain a firmer foundation for the later—and eventually, faster—development of their speaking and reading skills. The conversations in Part Two are extensively annotated in order to illustrate grammatical patterns, characteristic turns of phrase, and typical habits of social interaction. True to an anthropological approach to language le

Lens on China: Intermediate and Advanced Readings on Film for Learning Chinese is an innovative textbook that uses film to teach Mandarin Chinese. It not only provides students with a non-traditional way to learn Chinese by combining visual and textual materials, but also creates real, sociocultural and linguistic situations where students can use their acquired skills. Each lesson of the textbook focuses on one film in a highly engaging and effective way of learning. Each lesson comes with a comprehensive vocabulary list, detailed grammar explanations, and exercises in various forms. Such a design ensures a balance between basic language training in vocabulary and grammatical structure, and more advanced goals in interactive communication and in-depth reflection. Ten films are chosen to help the student achieve sociocultural knowledge that will deepen their understanding of contemporary China. Half of the films selected are light-hearted works on youth, love, and aspirations, with d

…. to imagine a language means to imagine a form of life. ––Ludwig Wittgenstein (Philosophical Investigation, 1953) Whatever specific goal motivated people who study Chinese at first eventually dissolves into the larger Chinese world, and that world—its loves and joys, its stings and frustrations, in any case its incapability of being boring—takes over. This is a fascinating, insightful collection of essays by some of the world’s most renowned China experts, who share personal recollections of their time in China—often beginning in the 1970s, when foreigners were just beginning to navigate the linguistic and cultural terrain of that country—and reflect on what learning Chinese has meant to them in their careers and lives. These ten native English speakers share rare and, at times, humorous and intimate moments, of how learning and speaking Chinese has removed barriers, built rapport, opened doors and sometimes led them down entirely unexpected roads that have changed the course of th

Contrary to the general impression that wet markets are smelly, dirty, and slippery, Christine finds that they are actually fun places to walk around and shop. As a French lady, Christine’s learning experience has not been without disappointments, such as being overcharged, given old veggies or pushed to buy more. Nonetheless, in Hong Kong, most sellers are generally very kind. Like in France, vendors remember the preferences of their regular clients. _e kindness of many sellers help her overcome the fear of speaking Cantonese. They even take time to explain to her how to cook this and that. It is the warm atmosphere that she loves most. Christine finds it exciting to discover lots of new foodstuffs such as Chinese yam. She even discovers ingredients, such as lye water, a kind of alkaline solution that is not used in Western countries. Last but not least, this book helps us understand the real French lifestyle which often sounds so “elegant” and sometimes “mysterious” to most people,

This is a novel, not a text book, although the reader may like to use some of the content of this book for German language teaching or learning. This is a novel that is intended to serve a dual purpose: For reading pleasure and for picking up and/or boosting one’s existing knowledge of German. The book should be read chapter by chapter, starting from Part I all the way to the end of Part II, as the story and the progression of the language instruction and discussion follow a linear thread. As far as the story goes, the reader will find the two main characters, William and Becky from Hong Kong, both college students who have just completed their first year of a degree programme and are now on exchange to University of Freiburg in Germany for a semester – August to December, which eventually turns out to be a bit longer, extending to end of February. This is part of an internationalization programme that they are going through and capitalizing on. On arrival in Germany their first stop

《邊學邊用：粵語聽說教材（二）》是為非華語母語背景的學習者編寫的以粵語作為二語學習的教材。本書課本內容取材自生活場景，提供常用詞彙，並附上活學活用的練習，讓學習者能在日常生活中靈活使用粵語。 “Cantonese in Communication”is a series of textbooks designed for learners learning Cantonese as a second language. It targets to use daily language scenarios, useful vocabulary, lively conversations and exercise in a practical way. It is meant for learners with no Chinese background to use Cantonese in their daily life.

1. 以真實的情景話題編寫課文對話，讓讀者可以邊學邊用、活學活用。 2. 歸納活用詞彙，讓讀者輕鬆掌握高頻使用的粵語詞彙。 3. 詳解粵語語法結構、標註語用知識，讓讀者了解粵語語法框架和使用的特殊性。 《邊學邊用︰粵語聽說教材》是為非華語母語背景的學習者編寫的以粵語作為二語學習的系列教材。本書課本內容取材自生活場景，提供常用詞彙，並附上活學活用的練習，讓學習者能在日常生活中靈活使用粵語。 “Cantonese in Communication” is a series of textbooks designed for learners learning Cantonese as a second language. It targets to use daily language scenarios, useful vocabulary, lively conversations and exercise in a practical way. It is meant for learners with no Chinese background to use Cantonese in their daily life. 本書特色： 1. Features of this textbook:全書使用耶魯–羅馬標音系統標註粵語。 2. Widely-used Yale-Romanization system to transcribe Cantonese. 3. 本書分課時立設學習目標使學習者可以更高效率地增強粵語溝通能力。 Setting clear stage goals to improve oral proficiency. 4. 隨書附課文錄音，並提供大量的聽說練習。 Providing a variety of exercises for practicing speaking and listening skills, and full recordings of text and vocabulary. 5. 本書在大學已經使用多年，特別適合短訓班，學習者可以在比較短的時間內，基本掌握學校課堂、交通詢問、邀約、留言、飲食購物、簡短講演等方面的語言運用。 This textbook has been used for many yea

《邊學邊用：華語聽說教材》是針對以普通話為第二語言／外語人士的特點和需要編寫的普通話口語系列教材。教材取材於普通話母語人士的口語對話，幫助學習者學習普通話，在日常生活或專業領域學以致用。 “Chinese（Putonghua）in Communication” is a series of spoken Putonghua textbooks designed for learners studying Putonghua as a second／foreign language. By drawing all examples and sample conversations from authentic speaking materials collected from native Putonghua speakers, this book series is suitable for learners aiming at learning practical Putonghua to be used in their daily as well as professional lives. 本書特點： Features of this textbook: 1. 簡體中文和漢語拼音對照，並附繁體中文供參考。 Simplified Chinese characters and Pinyin（Romanization）are presented side by side, also with conventional Chinese characters attached for reference. 2. 豐富多彩的練習，還原日常生活場景，活學活用。 Providing various communicative tasks simulating real world scenarios or situations. 3. 隨書附課文及詞彙錄音。 Providing full recordings of text and vocabulary. 4. 本書在大學已經使用多年，特別適合短訓班，學習者可以在比較短的時間內，基本掌握學校課堂、交通詢問、邀約、留言、飲食購物、簡短講演等方面的語言運用。 This textbook has been used

《边学边用：华语听说教材》是针对以普通话为第二语言 / 外语人士的特点和需要编写的系列普通话口语教材。教材取材於普通话母语人士的口语对话，帮助学习者学习普通话，在日常生活或专业领域学以致用。 “Chinese (Putonghua) in Communication” is a series of spoken Putonghua textbooks designed for learners studying Putonghua as a second / foreign language. By drawing all examples and sample conversations from authentic speaking materials collected from native Putonghua speakers, this book series is suitable for learners aiming at learning practical Putonghua to be used in their daily as well as professional lives.

In this handy book, Icy Lee and Paul Sze openly share their stories as nonnative English speaking educators in TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). This collection of teachers’ stories provides a source of inspiration for both native and nonnative speaking professionals in the field, encouraging them to re-examine key issues in the profession and to reflect on their own practice critically. "Voices from the Frontline: Narratives of Nonnative English Speaking Teachers is a must-read for anyone in TESOL as it brings power through stories to inspire teachers, native or nonnative alike, to reflect, recharge and re-imagine what they do by confronting challenges with problem solving tactics, and devoting themselves to the profession with enthusiasm and passion." —Jun Liu, Georgia State University " 'Nativeness' is no magic bullet for effective and successful language teaching. Icy Lee and Paul Sze's exhilarating accounts of their learning trajectories and teaching exper

Understanding how the Chinese writing system illustrates universal design features of writing and literacy learning, as well as how it differs from alphabetic literacy, has become one of the cutting edge areas of research in the cognitive sciences. A major part of this book is devoted to the presentation of a series of proposals for collaborative research with investigators working in East Asia on cross-writing system comparisons and bilingual literacy—Comparing alphabetic and morpho-syllabic literacy. The part that corresponds to "International perspectives" proposes new avenues in research on problems of bilingualism shared by speakers of all languages. With a broad survey of research advances drawing from recent investigations, this book will provide non-specialist readers with examples of how the relevant concepts might be applied to practical problems-age of acquisition effects in first and second language development; analysis of language attrition and asymmetries of different k

幸"與"不幸"，只在乎一念之間，作者透過患有自閉症的兒子，身心體現了這段寶貴的心路歷程。由起初的自怨自艾，到後來感謝上天，她體會到兒子的到來是為她的生命增添色彩，從而學懂生命的意義。 此書行文淺白，感情細膩，適合一般讀者，作者希望藉此令人對自閉症，甚至生命，有多一份了解，多一份體會，多一份感恩。 This book chronicles the experience and spiritual journey of a mother of an autistic child, uncovering the myriad of difficulties that face autistic children and their parents. Told from the perspective of the mother, the book shows how, in fighting for the rights and best possible opportunities for the autistic child, the mother has turned a curse into a blessing. The book will have resonance for parents of children with autism and other learning difficulties. It demonstrates that however difficult it is to bring up children with special needs, these difficulties are not insurmountable. The book addresses issues beyond autism and motherhood, such as discrimination, opportunities and participation, purpose in life, etc. Therefore the readership is not confined to parents of autistic children. The book will provide good food for thought

本研討會論文集共收錄十六篇論文，其中有關戲劇教育政策者計：〈臺灣學制內戲劇教育政策與實施現況〉、〈戲劇進課堂、進校園、進心靈〉“Drama Education for Personal, Social and Moral Growth”〈大陸中小學戲劇教育實踐探索〉、〈論英國都鐸王朝的戲劇教育課程〉五篇；有關教育戲劇(Drama in Education)者計：〈教育戲劇的六種教學模式〉、〈論動情的戲劇〉、〈藉課室言談探討戲劇教學、學生參與和讀寫能力的關係〉、〈表演藝術電腦化評量系統建置之研究〉、〈戲劇教學法在課堂作實驗性研究的成效〉、〈戲劇與劇場教育相關實務之例證研究─以花蓮教育大學幼教系一年級之歌舞劇坊為例〉“Drama as a Teaching Activity in a Drama Project Teaching Model to Young Learners─A Case Study of English Language Education in a Primary School in Taiwan” “Drama – A Curriculum for Creativity, Transformation and Learning”八篇；有關社區劇場者計有：〈基督教劇團融入「社區劇場」之展現─以「頌恩親子社區劇團」為例〉”Developing Children’s Creativity and Resilience through Theatre” “Creative Drama Program for Children Who Witness the Family Violence─in the Forum Theatre Form”三篇。希望研討會後之論文集之出版，能達到拓展與確認戲劇與劇場應用學術之研究價值，並製作成正式論文集，公開發行留存紀錄供教學研究之用。

Without any doubt, youth are the future of the world. For any nation which hopes to thrive and develop, it is necessary to commit significant resources in facilitating youth development. This book is a collection of papers presented at the International Conference on Youth Empowerment over the last four years. It explores the relationship between youth volunteerism and empowerment which is considered as an inherent cornerstone in the social and psychological growth for youth. Written by a team of experts on issues about youth, the book presents the various theories, models, paradigms and concepts related to youth empowerment and volunteerism. With selected examples in countries around the world, it also reveals to us how different cultures infuse their own history, language, mores, laws, policies, demographics, and socio-political infrastructures in facilitating youth empowerment and volunteerism. Youth hold the key to the world of the future, and empowering youth is actually a human