Structure and Function

This study investigates the internal structure of noun phrases In Chinese and argues that number, referentiality, and totality/partitivity are all syntactically represented. Viewing number in a new light, it claims that number in a classifier language is syntactically encoded via the use of a $P, i.e., NumP, the head of which is occupied by a classifier/massifier (cf. Boer 2005). Plurality Is realized differently in a #P via the use of numerals, the plural classifier xie, quantifiers, or the reduplication of classifiers/massiflers. The plural marker-men is a derivational suffix marking either collective plurality or semantic plurality, resolving the problem that syntactic plurality may co-occur with semantic plurality when syntactic plurality marks an indeterminate quantity. Unlike the standard head-complement analysis that assumes a DP-NumP-CIP-DP hierarchy, this study argues that a numeral or a quantifier enters into a relation with a classifier/massilier, forming a UP A P (with or w

The author of this book is a world-class scientist, inventor, educator, and preacher. His profound influence on semiconductor technology has shaped Taiwan and the global industry, leaving a lasting legacy. This book distills his life lessons, built upon the golden triangle of family, work, and spiritual life, offering readers a model to success and fulfillment. Through a clear, sincere, and humorous style, Burn shares the experiences that defined his journey—his character, approach to work, and the highs he has reached throughout his life. In this book, Burn discusses how family, work, and spiritual life form a golden triangle, the fundamental structure upon which one’s life is built. Like a triangle—the most stable polygon—each corner plays a vital role in sustaining balance and growth. With decades of dedication, Burn provides insights into how he has maintained equilibrium among these three essential aspects, guiding readers to build upon this foundation and achieve even greater hei

全球知名英文學習書出版社Collins授權出版 本書完全符合2023年7月開始實施的托福考試新制 Collins《絕對攻略托福系列》 幫助考生克服備考時會遇到的所有難點， 完整拆解聽力、口說各類題型的應考技巧！ 短期突破托福100+必備！ 本書特色 1. 專業托福教師團隊編寫 Collins《絕對攻略托福系列》是專為準備TOEFL iBT所設計的教材，本系列教材自2012年出版以來受到考生好評。本書的作者群是編寫托福教材經驗豐富的教師團隊，團隊深入研究考試內容，並因應托福考試規則變化而更新教材。 2. 完全依據考試題型設計 本書詳細拆解托福各類題型的結構，幫助考生快速掌握考試方向，並針對考生備考時遇到的困難提供多種解題技巧及練習。 ［托福聽力題型概述］ 主旨題（Main idea）→理解講述內容的主旨 細節題（Detail）→詢問課堂／對話中出現的資訊 目的題（Purpose）→詢問整個對話的目的 推論題（Inference）→根據課堂／對話中的資訊導出結論 句子功能題（Function）→為什麼題目中特別提到某件事？ 態度題（Attitude）→詢問說話者的觀點 結構題（Organization）→詢問講述內容的組織方式，是比較事物不同？敘述事物利弊？還是描述因果關係？ 信息關聯題（Connecting content）→利用課堂／對話資訊來完成表格 ［托福口說題型概述］ 選擇題（Paired Choice）→在兩個選擇之間表達偏好 校園事務題（Campus Matters）→概述短文大意以及學生對校園事務的意見 學術閱讀和講座題（Academic Reading and Lecture）→整合閱讀和講座中的資訊 學術摘要題（Academic Summary）→概述講座的重點 3. 由淺入深的多元題目練習 針對托福設計一套循序漸進的試題練習，讓考生預先熟悉托福的實際測驗方式，並且廣泛接觸各主題的學術英文內容。 本書的題型練習步驟如下： ［題型範例］→預先熟悉考試中可能會看到的問題類型、段落文章和回答。 ［題型練習］→熟悉考試時做筆記的方式，題目皆會附上中譯及答案解析。 ［綜合演練］→該章節的題型綜合練習，這裡的答案解析不依照選項順序，讀者需要自己判斷各選項為何正確或錯誤？並且找出該選項所對應的解析為何。 ［實戰演練］→提供幾題仿真測驗 ［模擬試題

This book explores how to deeply appreciate drama. It begins with the purpose of drama, then proceeds to discuss script structure, tragedy, comedy, serious drama, literary merit, and dramatic elements, finally offering insights into how to judge a play. The author argues that drama is not merely a performance in a theater, nor simply text on a page; it is neither the playwright's personal statement nor a thread connecting the cultures that gave rise to it. Each reader can analyze the meaning, structure, and symbolism of drama according to their own feelings and pace, fully enjoying the pleasure it offers. 本書為英文書。內容探討如何深度欣賞戲劇。由戲劇的目的談起，接續展現劇本結構、悲劇、喜劇、嚴肅劇、文學性、戲劇元素等，最後提出如何評判一齣劇的看法。作者認為，戲劇不僅僅是劇院裡的演出，也不只是一頁紙上的文字；它既不是劇作家的個人陳述，也不是產生它的文化的線索，每一位閱聽者都可以按自己的感受與節奏對戲劇的意義、結構和象徵性進行分析，以充分享受它帶來的樂趣。

It is written from an objective, external viewpoint and paints a colourful and lively picture of Sanguinetti in a voice that could almost be his own. Using Sanguinetti' s life experiences, the biographer touches on various historical events, including the Mau Mau revolution in Kenya and the 1957 riots in Hong Kong, and details the social and political problems of the times, such as lingering colonialism, class structure issues, and human rights violations, among others. These glimpses of history through Sanguinetti' s eyes are accessible, thought-provoking, and truly representative of the man himself.Offering a well-rounded image of the eccentric subject, this book fulfils Sanguinetti' s common response to questions about both his personal and professional life — “ more when I know you better” . It will undoubtedly be of interest to those who knew Sanguinetti as well as legal professionals, young barristers, and readers with an interest in post-war history in Gibraltar, Kenya, and espe

This book describes and analyses the role of the public sector in the often-charged political atmosphere of post-1997 Hong Kong. In this second edition, Ian Scott explores public sector accountability in terms of Hong Kong’s constitutional framework and the structure, functions, and personnel policies of its civil service system. He examines critical issues facing the administration of the public sector and the formulation and implementation of public policy with particular attention to the political challenges confronting the Hong Kong government over the past decade. A concluding chapter assesses how contested values in a changing political environment have affected the public sector in recent years. This edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest statistics and research, including Scott’s work in such areas as integrity management, corruption prevention, and policing. This book is an essential resource for scholars and students of public administration and public poli

Based on a close reading of Japanese director Yasujiro Ozu’s extant films, this book provides insights into the ways the director created narrative structures and used symbolism to construct meaning in his films. Against critics’ insistence that Ozu was indifferent to plot and unlikely to use symbols, Geist demonstrates otherwise, revealing the director’s subtle iconographic paradigms. Her incisive understanding of the historical and cultural context in which the films were conceived amplifies her analysis of the films’ structure and meaning. Ozu: A Closer Look guides the reader through Ozu’s early, silent films and his sound films made during Japan’s wars in Asia and the subsequent American Occupation, then takes up specific themes relevant to his later, better-known films. These themes include religion, gender, and the influence of traditional Japanese painting. Geist also examines the impact that Ozu’s films had on specific directors in Europe, America, and Japan. Intended for f

The Genera of Orchidaceae in Hong Kong is a handy reference for both amateurs and professional botanists in Asia who wish to enter the field of modern orchidology. Orchid appreciation is an art deeply rooted in Asian cultures. But in 1977, when this book was first published, orchidology as a science was new to people there. The technical vocabulary was unfamiliar and the subject matter difficult to understand. Therefore, this volume was intended as a general, easy-to-use reference book, with illustrations of the basic structure of orchids and their habit and habitat clearly described in Chapter I. The book may also be used as a self-help guide for naturalists and gardeners in Hong Kong who wish to identify an orchid new to them. In Chapter II, keys, descriptions, and illustrations are given to allow the reader to look up and gain information about individual orchid species. Chapter III provides an analysis of the composition and an interpretation of the phytogeographic significance of

Hong Kong under British rule was a prime example of exceptionalism in many aspects — economic, political, and even social. It was governed under a colonial structure and yet had enjoyed a large degree of social and economic freedom, as well as fiscal self-sufficiency and autonomy from London. After returning to Chinese rule in 1997, Hong Kong has continued to thrive as a relatively resilient city-state still known for efficiency and effectiveness despite tensions and scepticism about its political future. This book carries decades of academic observations and the author’s personal political experience. It reviews and reflects on the past trajectory of governance and administration, identifying strengths and capabilities as well as constraints and vulnerabilities of Hong Kong as a polity and society, while charting its course of ‘exceptionalism’ within a new context and under changing conditions. As this book concludes, the exceptionalism of Hong Kong not only hinges on institutional a

From early times, Daoist writers claimed to receive scriptures via revelation from heavenly beings. In numerous cases, these writings were composed over the course of many nights and by different mediums. New revelations were often hastily appended, and the resulting unevenness gave rise to the impression that Daoist texts often appear slapdash and contain contradictions. A Library of Clouds focuses on the rewriting of Daoist scriptures in the Upper Clarity (Shangqing) lineage in fourth- and fifth-century China. Scholarship on Upper Clarity Daoism has been dominated by attempts to uncover “original” or “authentic” texts, which has resulted in the neglect of later scriptures— including the work fully translated and annotated here, the Scripture of the Immaculate Numen, one of the Three Wonders (sanqi) and among the most prized Daoist texts in medieval China. The scripture’s lack of a coherent structure and its different authorial voices have led many to see it not as a unified work but

Lens on China: Intermediate and Advanced Readings on Film for Learning Chinese is an innovative textbook that uses film to teach Mandarin Chinese. It not only provides students with a non-traditional way to learn Chinese by combining visual and textual materials, but also creates real, sociocultural and linguistic situations where students can use their acquired skills. Each lesson of the textbook focuses on one film in a highly engaging and effective way of learning. Each lesson comes with a comprehensive vocabulary list, detailed grammar explanations, and exercises in various forms. Such a design ensures a balance between basic language training in vocabulary and grammatical structure, and more advanced goals in interactive communication and in-depth reflection. Ten films are chosen to help the student achieve sociocultural knowledge that will deepen their understanding of contemporary China. Half of the films selected are light-hearted works on youth, love, and aspirations, with d

In Queer Chinese Cultures and Mobilities, John Wei brings light to the germination and movements of queer cultures and social practices in today’s China and Sinophone Asia. While many scholars attribute China’s emergent queer cultures to the neoliberal turn and the global political landscape, Wei refuses to take these assumptions for granted. He finds that the values and pitfalls of the development-induced mobilities and post-development syndromes have conjointly structured and sustained people’s ongoing longings and sufferings under the dual pressure of compulsory familism and compulsory development. While young gay men are increasingly mobilized in their decision-making to pursue sociocultural and socioeconomic capital to afford a queer life, the ubiquitous and compulsory mobilities have significantly reshaped and redefined today’s queer kinship structure, transnational cultural network, and social stratification in China and capitalist Asia. With Queer Chinese Cultures and Mobilit

Learning Chinese Language and Culture is an intermediate level textbook, which was intended to be used throughout the entire school year and designed mainly for students who have completed introductory courses of Chinese as a foreign language. This book illustrates Chinese language knowledge and introduces Chinese culture in twenty-two lessons, covering a variety of cultural content, including customs and manners, holidays and festivals, poems and idioms, calligraphy and couplets, myths and legends, feng shui and superstitions, and historical relics and sceneries and many others. In every lesson, the authors have strived to maintain a clear topic and a coherent structure. They have also endeavored to keep the contents lively and achieve a fluent writing style while closely controlling the structure and grammar of every lesson.

Learning Chinese Language and Culture is an intermediate level textbook, which was intended to be used throughout the entire school year and designed mainly for students who have completed introductory courses of Chinese as a foreign language. This book illustrates Chinese language knowledge and introduces Chinese culture in twenty-two lessons, covering a variety of cultural content, including customs and manners, holidays and festivals, poems and idioms, calligraphy and couplets, myths and legends, feng shui and superstitions, and historical relics and sceneries and many others. In every lesson, the authors have strived to maintain a clear topic and a coherent structure. They have also endeavored to keep the contents lively and achieve a fluent writing style while closely controlling the structure and grammar of every lesson.

This work offers the most comprehensive account of the origin and consequences of the Yan’an Rectification Movement from 1942 to 1945. The author argues that this campaign emancipated the Chinese Communist Party from Soviet-influenced dogmatism and unified the Party, preparing it for the final victory against the Nationalist Party in 1949. More importantly, this monograph shows in great detail how Mao Zedong established his leadership through this party-wide political movement by means of aggressive intraparty purges, thought control, coercive cadre examinations, and total reorganizations of the Party’s upper structure. The result of this movement not only set up the foundation for Mao’s new China, but also deeply influenced the Chinese political structure today. The Chinese version of How the Red Sun Rose was published in 2000, and has had twenty-two printings since then. ~~~~~~ “This lucid translation of Gao Hua’s seminal study of the Yan’an rectification movement and the rise of

Based on rare first-hand historical data, Wang Ke presents the analysis of the East Turkestan from the perspective of Islamic social structure, the origin and evolution of thoughts on national revolution, the power structure of the Republic, and international politics. The original Japanese edition of this book has been recognized as the most authoritative research work on the independence movement of East Turkestan. This revised, enriched English edition provides valuable references for the prominent issues of Xinjiang today. ~~~~~~~ “For those intrigued by the modern history of China’s Xinjiang region, this detailed study of the 1940s invites the reader to explore a tempestuous decade marked by conflict and turmoil as Uyghurs, Kazakhs and other ethnic groups sought to form an independent state, the East Turkestan Republic. Understanding the complex involvement of powerful outside forces, a brutal world war, and an opportunity for groups that saw a chance at independence requires ca

The Catholic Church is one of the few institutions that have survived since the inception of the British colony. She has contributed much during its development. As early as 1841, she set up a mission in Hong Kong. She and her various religious orders and congregations engaged in charitable works for the poor and the elderly in the early days of Hong Kong, greatly relieving the burden on the newly established colonial government. Today, apart from religious services, the Catholic Church still plays an important role in providing Hong Kong with diversified and professional services in medical care, education and social welfare. Historical studies on the Catholic Church in Hong Kong of a comprehensive nature are rare in comparison with other religions. The reasons of this may include the complicated organizational structure of the Catholic Church and the multiple languages used in the archival documents, such as Latin, French, Italian and Portuguese. As a Catholic clergy, the author of

In the nine original essays collected in this volume, cultural historians, literary scholars, an art historian, and a historical musicologist set out to recover the sights, sounds, and smells of the Southern Song Empire (1127—1279) and of its capital at Hangzhou (then called Lin’an). They remind the reader of the importance of dance in the lives of Song literati, of the sense of danger in the twelfth-century metropolis, of the blend of birdcalls, temple bells, and human song in the streets and in the countryside. Rather than tracing general trends in urban structure or commercial development, the leading scholars in this volume concentrate on one text, on one author, or on one genre in order to restore specific, historical connections between the text and the city, between writing and urban experience. Senses of the City proposes new approaches to the study of Chinese cities and contributes to a general history of the senses. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ “While previous scholar

Over the years auditing has developed into a specialised function with complex ethical, legal and economic implications. The role of auditors in providing credibility is even more important in a society like Hong Kong, which relies heavily on its reputation as an international financial and business centre. The financial crises and accounting scandals reported in recent years, which led to economic meltdowns and massive loss in capital resources across the globe, highlights the vital role of auditors as gatekeepers and the importance of high quality auditing in ensuring corporate transparency and honest financial reporting. The third edition is thoroughly revised to take into account the new Companies Ordinance (Chapter 622, effective 2014) and Hong Kong Standards on Quality Control, Auditing, Assurance and Related Services (updated June 2014), and numerous developments of a full range of auditing topics since the previous edition, including: - Auditor's legal duties and liabilities

From the academic perspective, Southern Min is one of the Chinese Language families, a dialect. Specifically, Taiwanese Southern Min(TSM) has resulted from a mixture of Formosan languages, Dutch, Japanese and Mandarin by way of language contact. It has preserved the basic structure, but is quite different from the Southern Min spoken in Mainland China. TSM is the natural result of a mixture of different accents. The author has dedicated his research life to the study of TSM, and the profound result of his study is revealed in this book. 本書從宏觀語言學角度介紹臺灣閩南語的各種問題。首先介紹臺灣閩南語的基本觀念；其次敘述三百多年來閩南語 在臺灣的發展；然後從語音、語法、詞彙角度說明臺灣閩南語的語言特色；再其次詳細介紹臺灣閩南語的語音結構等問題；最後對曾經或目前正在使用的漢字、教羅 等書寫方式，做一簡單的介紹。書後有「研究參考書目、分韻俗諺、音節結構表」三個附錄，相信對閱讀本書正文或深入研究臺灣閩南語，應有一定助益。

This volume first explores the transformation of Chinese Daoism in late imperial period through the writings of prominent intellectuals of the times. In such a cultural context, it then launches an in-depth investigation into the Daoist dimensions of the Chinese narrative masterpiece, The Story of the Stone—the inscriptions of Quanzhen Daoism in the infrastructure of its religious framework, the ideological ramifications of the Daoist concepts of chaos, purity, and the natural, as well as the Daoist images of the gourd, fish, and bird. Zhou presents the central position of Daoist philosophy both in the ideological structure of the Stone, and the literati culture that engenders it.

"On an autumn morning in 1793, Lord Macartney waited to be ushered into the imperial summer retreat to take part in the celebration of the Qianlong Emperor's 82nd birthday. It was a long day; the celebration drama, Ascendant Peace in the Four Seas, lasted five hours. There were many scenes of fish, turtles and other sea creatures, and Macartney guessed it must have had something to do with the marriage between the ocean and land. He could not have been more wrong…" For the Qing court, entertaining foreign visitors was only one of the numerous ritual and political purposes dramas served. Delving into a rich collection of first-hand materials, the author meticulously excavates and combs historical data including court records, eunuchs' memoirs, pictorial archives of opera costumes, and period news. She investigates the development of imperial drama and its influence on the Peking Opera, as well as the function and system of imperial organizations responsible for drama. Also discussed

筆觸樸實簡單，還以漢語拼音編寫，也可作為對外漢語或普通話課程的課外讀物或教材。 內容貼近生活，充滿趣味，是瞭解中國內地少年兒童生活環境、瞭解國情的優質讀物。 這本書是作者寄給童年的問候，收信地址是上個世紀八十年代末九十年代初的大連。那是四季分明、秋有落葉冬有雪的北方海濱，也是作者童年記憶開始生長的地方：多拉A夢叫機器貓阿蒙；藍精靈裡的壞蛋叫格格巫；在學校唱的是《沒有共產黨就沒有新中國》；在家裡背誦的是毛澤東詩詞；放學後逗留在大連鋼廠玩耍的是舊式的蘋果電腦；八九年六月歌唱的是人民解放軍；春遊時孩子們帶的是黃瓜和西紅柿；冬天賴以生存的蔬菜只有儲存在倉庫的大白菜…… 藉著小學生般童稚的筆觸、日記的形式，作者回憶自己童年與姑父姑母居住在大連的經歷，表達對親情、對美好往事的依戀，同時以自身多重的文化背景，對人生價值、對世界寄以獨立的態度與看法。 Jasmine's delightful diary is an ideal way to involve students in China's day to day culture and accustom them to written Chinese; as she depicts her childhood with honesty and humour, sharply focusing on the different views of Mainland Chinese and Hong Kong upbringing. Moreover it is one of the few books that contain both characters and pinyin side by side so that students will be familiarized with the written structure as they learn to read full character text. For reading comprehension, Jasmine's book provides a solid base for further entry into Chinese literature. 本書針對的讀者 希望瞭解中國內地文化生活的人士 有興趣學習漢語的人士

This is a study of the structure and properties of compound verbs in Mandarin Chinese. By excluding separable structures such as Verb-Object phrases and resultative and directional constructions, we are able to establish that verbs, like nouns, are invariably right-headed, i.e. modifiers always precede what they modify; and also that compound verbs with relatively few exceptions are disyllabic...