Directions in Development - Poverty

The Dominican Republic stands out as a fast growing economy that has not been able to generate a commensurate reduction in poverty. Three reasons have been raised before to explain this conundrum: (i)

The recent past has witnessed phenomenal growth in MFIs around the world. Today as many as 200 million people are beneficiaries of microfinance. Given its worldwide attention, microfinance has recei

Household survey data are very useful for monitoring living conditions of citizens of any country. In developing countries, a lot of this data are collected through “traditional” face-to-face househol

Middle East and North Africa (MNA) is a region in turmoil. The pervasive sense of discontent and disenchantment among the people in the region appears at odds with the conventional measures of economi

South Asia is in the midst of a demographic transition. For the next three decades, the growth of the region’s working age population will far outpace the growth of dependents. Close to one million in

本書特色★台灣第一本長篇軍事小說！道盡基層官兵心聲，戳破國軍諱莫如深的禁忌！★IDF神秘失蹤，美軍核潛艦負傷遁台，海軍鄭和艦誓死追兇，漣漪效應震盪整片台海，即將掀起驚天波濤！序▍推薦序 《決戰日：兩岸最終戰》是台灣第一本長篇軍事小說。 它以台海戰爭為背景，雖長達15 萬字，但情節緊湊扣人心弦，讀來欲罷不能。即使情節是虛構的，基本的資料卻是活生生的事實，而且大局背景與目前國際環境緊密結合。 台灣長期遭受中國武力威脅，理應是最適合軍事小說寫作的環境，就像美國在冷戰時期就出版過大量美蘇軍事對抗主題的暢銷小說，甚至在冷戰結束至今30 年，類似題材的小說大賣者仍所在多有。但是台灣，很可惜，卻沒有出版過一本跟自身安全相關的軍事小說。原因有二：軍事事務高度專業，一般無軍事背景的作家縱有文筆，很難涉足其中；此外，軍人雖然具備軍事專業，平日任務繁忙，無暇磨練文筆。戰鬥文藝和文宣寫作，並不能真正感動讀者內心。 基層官兵如何看待台海戰爭這本小說跟媒體熱門人物最大的不同，是從國軍基層官兵的角度來看台海戰爭。這是一個長期被掌權者、被社會忽略的角度，但卻是對於戰爭成敗最具影響力的關鍵！裴洛西女士訪台至今，兩岸情勢緊張升級，媒體輿論關注的焦點都在執政當局的政策立場、朝野政客的政治表態、以及名嘴網紅的表演，鮮少注意到站在第一線的國軍官兵內心的想法。兩岸一旦開戰，基層官兵首當其衝必須奔赴火線，他們怎麼看待這場攸關個人生死的戰爭？如何解答為誰而戰為何而戰？是值得執政者、社會輿論共同思考的問題。 《決戰日：兩岸最終戰》生動描述了基層官兵在大敵當前時的心態，其中有無懼個人生死奮戰到底者，也有顧慮身家性命猶豫不前者，更有臨陣脫逃返家照應家人妻小者。這是這本小說珍貴之處！一般寫軍事文章者，字裡行間只會表彰歌頌軍人氣節，如此寫作難免脫離人性。《決戰日：兩岸最終戰》的作者卻是在情節中真實呈現出軍人性格的原貌，加入了人性，軍人血肉之軀便與一般人無異。趨利避凶乃是人性，軍人氣節之所以為人稱頌，是在於其在面對生死時，基於職責必須作出違背人性的決定。並不是每一位軍人都能夠做到這點，作者龍飛將從人性面描述國軍官兵面對戰爭時的反應，還原了軍人原本的真實樣貌。 打破禁忌探討國軍長期存在問題這本小說另一個特點就是打破了軍方禁忌，探討國軍內部長期存在的問題，包括掩蓋問題粉飾太平和形式主義作風、基層部隊武器裝備老舊後勤補

本書特色▌一本結合文學、哲思、性別與倫理研究的深度剖析專書。▌解析魯迅銳利的筆鋒內隱藏起的關懷與溫情。序 無論是在中國與台灣，幾乎沒有不認識魯迅筆下的孔乙己，也還算熟悉阿Q「兒子打老子」的「精神式勝利法」（《狂人日記》）。可是，我也認為在台灣的絕大多數人，即便高中時都曾讀過魯迅的《孔乙己》，大抵都會懵懵懂懂，一知半解，囫圇吞棗。進入大學後，走理工與醫學的大多扔開國語課本，就此分道揚鑣，老死不相往來。即便是在人文社會科學領域，對於魯迅的認識僅止於是民國時期的文學家，而且透過陳西瀅、梁實秋、蘇雪林作品中所呈現的魯迅形象還是高度負面。魯迅被斥之為刻毒不寬容、陰險尖刻的紹興師爺外，還「不尊重底層人民，而是抱著一種藐視的心理來訓斥」（顧曉軍2015：11）。魯迅的心理人格「心胸過於仄隘，把自己世界縮小得無以復加，竟致弄得有無處可去之苦」（蘇雪林1979）。更甚者，在《李敖有話說》的談話性節目中，李敖言之鑿鑿地指出魯迅對提拔他的陳獨秀（創辦中國共產黨），在其政治受難時不僅不能夠如胡適努力營救，還要撰文諷刺將其比喻為吃了滿嘴馬糞的焦大（紅樓夢），儼然是「過河拆橋，落井下石」，李敖帶風向的問道：「大家不覺得魯迅這個人的所謂的文學家、思想家、革命家的這個風骨，有點問題嗎？」（房向東2014：3-4）。 陳芳明（1992）在《魯迅在台灣》一文中（中島利郎編2000），深刻的剖析了為何魯迅在台灣人文學界長期缺席的三個因素，第一、1947年的228事件，使台灣知識分子從此保持沉默。第二、1948年許壽棠在台北遭到暗殺，使得介紹魯迅作品的最大力量從此斷絕（臺靜農、黎烈文分別留在台大中文系、外文系執教、終身不談魯迅）。第三、1949年國民黨逃到台灣，展開積極的反共政策，從此出現長達了40年的反魯迅傳統（國民黨官方的三位御用文人：陳西瀅、梁實秋、蘇雪林；還有台灣反共的另一批打手：鄭學稼與劉心皇）。所以，即使陳芳明的研究結論之一是「從台灣文學發展的實施來看，魯迅對台灣作家的影響是否有那麼巨大，誠令人懷疑。」但是陳芳明對於未來台灣的魯迅研究抱持高度的期待，他在文末中寫道： 相對於中共文藝政策下魯迅的神話，國民黨顯然是過於貶低魯迅的文化地位。身為台灣的作家，如果要正確認識魯迅作品，就必須有能力擺脫國、共兩黨文藝政策的影響。國共兩黨為魯迅附加上去的面具，使後人很難看見魯迅的真貌。魯迅的文學成就，並

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