Bilingual Education and Social Change

Ideally, dual-language programs enable students from two language backgrounds to become bilingual, achieve academically through two languages, and develop improved intergroup understanding and relations. However, there is very little research that demonstrates how an actual dual-language program functions at the local level. This book provides a case study of dual-language planning and implementation at Oyster Bilingual School, a 'successful' Spanish-English public elementary school program in Washington, DC. The first three chapters provide important background for understanding how Oyster's dual-language program interacts with the larger sociopolitical context of minority education in the United States. Chapters 4-10 provide a detailed analysis of how the alternative educational system at Oyster Bilingual School challenges mainstream US educational programs and practices that discriminate against minority students. The case study demonstrates how Oyster's dual-language policy, multicultural curriculum content, student-centered organization of classroom interaction, and performance-based assessment practices together function to provide more opportunities to language minority and language majority students than are traditionally available in mainstream US schools. Rather than expecting language minority students to become monolingual in standard English and to assimilate to white middle-class norms, Oyster's educational program encourages all students to become bilingual in Spanish and English and to expect, tolerate, and respect linguistic and cultural diversity at school and in society. This socializing discourse enables language minority and language majority students to participate and achieve more or less equally at school. The book concludes with a discussion of implications for research and practice in other school and community contexts.

Rebecca D. Freeman is an Assistant Professor in the Graduate School of Education at the University of Pennsylvania. She received her BA in Spanish from Western Maryland College in 1982, her MA in TESOL from New York University in 1986, and her PhD in Linguistics from Georgetown University in 1993. Her research explores how US schools can organize their programs and practices so that low-income Latino students can achieve, and includes ethnographic/discourse analytic research in two transitional bilingual programs (in Brooklyn, NY in 1986, and in Perth Amboy, NJ in 1987) and in two dual-language programs (in Washington, DC from 1989-1991 and in Philadelphia, PA from 1996 to the present). She also has approximately 15 years experience teaching ESL in the US and EFL internationally.