Johan Galtung is Director of TRANSCEND. He founded the International Peace Research Institute in Oslo in 1959 and is the author of many essays and works on peace. Currently Professor of Peace Studies at six universities, he is the holder of the Right Livelihood Award 1987 and the Norwegian Humanist Prize 1988. Professor Carl G. Jacobsen was Professor of Political Science (International Affairs and Conflict Studies), Director of Eurasian Security Studies ORU, at Carleton University, and Director of the Independent Committee on War Crimes in the Balkans. He passed away in 2001.Kai Frithjof Brand-Jacobsen is Co-Director of TRANSCEND and Director of the Peace Action, Training and Research Institute of Romania (PATRIR).