GLOBAL CHANGE AND THE TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE - ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

This book provides the depth of the history of global ecology and reviews the breadth of the ideas being studied today. Each chapter starts with a brief narrative about a scientist whose work traces forward into today’s issues in global ecosystems. The discussions are framed in a growing realization that we may be altering the way our planet functions almost before we have gained the necessary knowledge of how it works at all.

Ian Woodward is a plant ecologist interested in the impacts of climate and changing carbon dioxide concentrations on plants and vegetation. His research on global climate change makes extensive uses of dynamic global vegetation models.

1 Climatic change: ecology’s big question.

1.1 Early environmental biogeography: from mapping plant species distributions to mapping vegetation.

1.2 Global distributions of vegetation.

1.3 Formation or biome interactions with climate.

1.4 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

2 The kaleidoscope of past vegetation patterns.

2.1 Vegetation in past climates: Quaternary palaeoecology.

2.2 Challenges for environmental change studies from Quaternary palaeoecology.

2.3 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

3 The complication of time and space scales.

3.1 The ecosystem concept and scale.

3.2 Scale and the global dynamics of carbon.

3.3 Formulation of ecological models.

3.4 Interactive mosaic models.

3.5 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

4 Meeting the climate change challenge.

4.1 Historical roots of the 'greenhouse warming' concept.

4.2 Climate and vegetation: the challenge of prediction.

4.3 What is the signifi cance of global climate change on Earth's vegetation?

4.4 Mosaic landscape models.

4.5 Homogeneous landscape models and climate change.

4.6 Interactive global mosaic models.

4.7 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

5 Dynamic vegetation modelling using individual-based models.

5.1 Gap models: structure and model development.

5.2 History of gap model development.

5.3 Global climate change assessment applications of gap models.

5.4 Theoretical implications for global change ecology from gap models.

5.5 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

6 Vegetation futures and the rise of dynamic global vegetation models.

6.1 Including the effects of land surface attributes and dynamics in climate models.

6.2 Dynamic global vegetation models.

6.3 The development of dynamic global vegetation models.

6.4 Investigating differences in dynamic global vegetation model simulations.

6.5 Vegetation feedbacks on climate.

6.6 Observations of recent vegetation change.

6.7 Concluding comments.

References and notes.

7 Climate-changed futures – how different will they be?

7.1 The future view from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

7.2 Carrying on from where the world was before now.

7.3 Carrying on from where the world is now.

7.4 Future realizations.

7.5 Concluding considerations.

References and notes.

8 Climate change and global plant diversity.

8.1 Making future predictions of diversity.

8.2 Getting at the mechanisms that control species diversity.

8.3 Simulating the impact of changing climate and CO2 on future diversity.

8.4 The naturalization of invasive species.

8.5 Concluding remarks.

References and notes.

9 Epilogue.

References and notes.

Index.