NANOMATERIALS FOR CANCER DIAGNOSIS

This first in-depth overview to cover all important types of nanostructures being explored for cancer detection brings together the diagnostic side of oncology and nanotechnology. It presents imaging techniques as well as magnetic, metallic and non-metallic particle-based detection systems, showing combination strategies for both diagnosis and treatment.
The result is a single source, collecting the valuable information published in specialized journals and thus often difficult to locate for members of the other disciplines involved.

Challa Kumar is currently the Group Leader of Nanofabrication at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD), Baton Rouge, USA. His research interests are in developing novel synthetic methods for functional nanomaterials and innovative therapeutic, diagnostic and sensory tools based on nanotechnology. He has eight years of industrial R&D experience working for Imperial Chemical Industries and United Breweries prior to joining CAMD. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, an international peer reviewed journal published by American Scientific Publishers, and the series editor for the ten-volume book series Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences (NtLS) published by Wiley-VCH. He worked at the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Munich, Germany, as a post doctoral fellow and at the Max Planck Institute for Carbon Research in Mülheim, Germany, as an invited scientist. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in synthetic organic chemistry from Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prashanti Nilayam, India.

Preface.

List of Authors.

1 Dendrimers in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (Srinivasa-Gopalan Sampathkumar, and Kevin J. Yarema).

1.1 Overview.

1.2 Introduction.

1.3 Basic Properties and Applications of Dendrimers.

1.4 Methods for Dendrimer Synthesis.

1.5 Dendrimers in Drug Delivery.

1.6 Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.

1.7 Concluding Remarks.

2 Nanoparticles for Optical Imaging of Cancer (Swadeshmukul Santra and Debamitra Dutta).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Cancer Imaging Techniques.

2.3 Optical Imaging.

2.4 Nanoparticles for Optical Imaging.

2.5 Optical Imaging of Cancer with Nanoparticles.

2.6 Other Nanoparticle-based Optical Contrast Agents.

2.7 Conclusions and Perspectives.

3 Nanogold in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (Priyabrata Mukherjee, Resham Bhattacharya, Chitta Ranjan Patra, and Debabrata Mukhopadhyay).

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Medicinal use of Gold: A Historical Perspective.

3.3 Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer.

3.4 Biocompatibility of Gold Nanoparticles.

3.5 Synthetic Approaches to Gold Nanoparticles.

3.6 Nanotechnology in Detection and Diagnosis with Gold Nanoparticles.

3.7 Future Direction.

4 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Tumors (Tillmann Cyrus, Shelton D. Caruthers, Samuel A. Wickline, and Gregory M. Lanza).

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

4.3 Targeting Mechanisms.

4.4 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles.

4.5 Paramagnetic Nanoparticles.

4.6 Quantum Dots.

4.7 Polymer Nanoparticles.

4.8 Conclusion.

5 Magnetic Resonance Nanoparticle Probes for Cancer Imaging (Young-wook Jun, Jung-tak Jang, and Jinwoo Cheon).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Magnetic Nanoparticle Contrast Agents.

5.3 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Molecular MR Imaging.

5.4 Summary and Outlook.

6 LHRH Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancers (Carola Leuschner).

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Cancer.

6.3 Nanoparticles as Vehicles for Drug Delivery and Diagnosis.

6.4 LHRH and its Receptors.

6.5 LHRH-bound Magnetic Nanoparticles.

6.6 Future Outlook.

7 Carbon Nanotubes in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis (Pu Chun Ke and Lyndon L. Larcom).

7.1 Overview.

7.2 SWNT Modification for Solubility and Biocompatibility.

7.3 Diffusion of SWNT–Biomolecular Complexes.

7.4 Gene and Drug Delivery with SWNT Transporters.

7.5 Sensing and Treating Cancer Cells Utilizing SWNTs.

7.6 Cytotoxicity of SWNTs.

7.7 Cancers and SWNTs.

7.8 Summary.

8 Nanotubes, Nanowires, Nanocantilevers and Nanorods in Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis (Kiyotaka Shiba).

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Nanotubes, Nanowires and Nanorods.

8.3 Cancer Diagnosis.

8.4 Cancer Treatment.

8.5 Conclusions.

9 Multifunctional Nanotubes and Nanowires for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy (Sang Bok Lee and Sang Jun Son).

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Advanced Technologies in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications.

9.3 Carbon Nanotubes.

9.4 Nanotubes and Nanowires Composed of Artificial Peptides.

9.5 Template-synthesized Nanotubes and Nanorods.

9.6 Conclusion.

10 Nanoprobe-based Affinity Mass Spectrometry for Cancer Marker Protein Profiling (Li-Shing Huang, Yuh-Yih Chien, Shu-Hua Chen, Po-Chiao Lin, Kai-Yi Wang, Po-Hung Chou, Chun-Cheng Lin, and Yu-Ju Chen).

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Fabrication and Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles.

10.3 Principles of Mass Spectrometry.

10.4 Nanoprobe-based Affinity Mass Spectrometry (NBAMS).

10.5 Human Plasma and Whole Blood Analysis by Nanoprobe-based Affinity Mass Spectrometry.

10.6 Multiplex Assay.

10.7 Future Outlook.

11 Nanotechnological Approaches to Cancer Diagnosis: Imaging and Quantification of Pericellular Proteolytic Activity (Thomas Ludwig).

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Quantification of Local Proteolytic Activity – an Objective.

11.3 Evaluation of Classical Methods for Quantification of Net Proteolytic Activity.

11.4 Novel Approaches to Local Proteolytic Activity.

11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives.

Index.