OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLE SYSTEMS - MIE AND BEYOND

Unlike other books who concentrate on metallic nanoparticles with sizes less than 100 nm, the author discusses optical properties of particles with (a) larger size and (b) of any material. The intention of this book is to fill the gap in the description of the optical properties of small particles with sizes less than 1000 nm and to provide a comprehensive overview on the spectral behavior of nanoparticulate matter. The author concentrates on the linear optical properties elastic light scattering and absorption of single nanoparticles and on reflectance and transmittance of nanoparticle matter. The optical properties of nanomaterials include elastic light scattering, absorption, reflectance and transmittance, second harmonic generation, nonlinear optical properties, surface enhanced Raman scattering, and more. The catalog of spectra of nanoparticulate matter is completely new.

Michael Quinten works as Head of R&D Sensors at FRT GmbH in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany. Having obtained his diploma degree and PhD in physics 1989) at the University of Saarland, Saarbruecken, Germany, he joined the Technical University RWTH Aachen in 1990 for his habilitation. He then spent four years at several universities in Graz (Austria), Chemnitz, Aachen, Saarbruecken and Bochum. During this academic period from 1983 to 2000, he authored 50 scientific publications with topics in optical properties of nanoparticles, nanoparticle materials and aerosols. In 2001 he joined the ETA-Optik GmbH, Germany, where he first worked in research and development of integrated optics components and later became product manager in the Colour and Coatings Division. In 2007 he moved to FRT GmbH where he is responsible for the optical sensor technology division.

1 Introduction.

2 Nanoparticle Systems and Experimental Optical Observables.

2.1 Classifi cation of Nanoparticle Systems.

2.2 Stability of Nanoparticle Systems.

2.3 Extinction, Optical Density, and Scattering.

3 Interaction of Light with Matter – The Optical Material Function.

3.1 Classical Description.

3.2 Quantum Mechanical Concepts.

3.3 Tauc–Lorentz and OJL Models.

3.4 Kramers–Kronig Relations and Penetration Depth.

4 Fundamentals of Light Scattering by an Obstacle.

4.1 Maxwell’s Equations and the Helmholtz Equation.

4.2 Electromagnetic Fields.

4.3 Boundary Conditions.

4.4 Poynting’s Law and Cross-sections.

4.5 Far-Field and Near-Field.

4.6 The Incident Electromagnetic Wave.

4.7 Rayleigh’s Approximation for Small Particles – The Dipole Approximation.

4.8 Rayleigh–Debye–Gans Approximation for Vanishing Optical Contrast.

5 Mie’s Theory for Single Spherical Particles.

5.1 Electromagnetic Fields and Boundary Conditions.

5.2 Cross-sections, Scattering Intensities, and Related Quantities.

5.3 Resonances.

5.4 Optical Contrast.

5.5 Near-Field.

6 Application of Mie’s Theory.

6.1 Drude Metal Particles (Al, Na, K).

6.2 Noble Metal Particles (Cu, Ag, Au).

6.3 Catalyst Metal Particles (Pt, Pd, Rh).

6.4 Magnetic Metal Particles (Fe, Ni, Co).

6.5 Rare Earth Metal Particles (Sc, Y, Er).

6.6 Transition Metal Particles (V, Nb, Ta).

6.7 Summary of Metal Particles.

6.8 Semimetal Particles (TiN, ZrN).

6.9 Semiconductor Particles (Si, SiC, CdTe, ZnSe).

6.10 Carbonaceous Particles.

6.11 Absorbing Oxide Particles (Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, Cu₂O, CuO).

6.12 Transparent Oxide Particles (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CeO₂, TiO₂).

6.13 Particles with Phonon Polaritons (MgO, NaCl, CaF₂).

6.14 Miscellaneous Nanoparticles (ITO, LaB₆, EuS).

7 Extensions of Mie’s Theory.

7.1 Coated Spheres.

7.2 Supported Nanoparticles.

7.3 Charged Nanoparticles.

7.4 Anisotropic Materials.

7.5 Absorbing Embedding Media.

7.6 Inhomogeneous Incident Waves.

8 Limitations of Mie’s Theory – Size and Quantum Size Effects in Very Small Nanoparticles.

8.1 Boundary Conditions – the Spill-Out Effect.

8.2 Free Path Effect in Nanoparticles.

8.3 Chemical Interface Damping – Dynamic Charge Transfer.

9 Beyond Mie’s Theory I – Nonspherical Particles.

9.1 Spheroids and Ellipsoids.

9.2 Cylinders.

9.3 Cubic Particles.

9.4 Numerical Methods.

9.5 Application of Numerical Methods to Nonspherical Nanoparticles.

10 Beyond Mie’s Theory II – The Generalized Mie Theory.

10.1 Derivation of the Generalized Mie Theory.

10.2 Resonances.

10.3 Common Results.

10.4 Extensions of the Generalized Mie Theory.

11 The Generalized Mie Theory Applied to Different Systems.

11.1 Metal Particles.

11.2 Semimetal and Semiconductor Particles.

11.3 Nonabsorbing Dielectrics.

11.4 Carbonaceous Particles.

11.5 Particles with Phonon Polaritons.

11.6 Miscellaneous Particles.

11.7 Aggregates of Nanoparticles of Different Materials.

11.8 Optical Particle Sizing.

11.9 Stochastically Distributed Spheres.

11.10 Aggregates of Spheres and Numerical Methods.

12 Densely Packed Systems.

12.1 The Two-Flux Theory of Kubelka and Munk.

12.2 Applications of the Kubelka–Munk Theory.

12.3 Improvements of the Kubelka–Munk Theory.

13 Near-Field and SERS.

13.1 Waveguiding Along Particle Chains.

13.2 Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy.

13.3 SERS with Aggregates.

14 Effective Medium Theories.

14.1 Theoretical Results for Dielectric Nanoparticle Composites.

14.2 Theoretical Results for Metal Nanoparticle Composites.

14.3 Experimental Examples.

References.

Color Plates.

Index.