The Birth of Tajikistan ─ National Identity and the Origins of the Republic

A vivid history of the birth of a nation. When the Russian Revolution broke out in October 1917, much of Central Asia was still ruled by autonomous rulers such as the Emir of Bukhara and the Khan of Khiva. By 1920 the khanates had been transformed into People's Republics, and, in 1924, Stalin re-drew the frontiers on ethno-linguistic lines creating, amongst other statelets, the Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan – the land of the Uzbeks. But the Uzbeks were not the only significant ethnic group within the new Uzbekistan's frontiers. An older people, the Tajiks, formed a considerable part of the population. This book describes how, often in the teeth of Uzbek opposition, the Tajiks gained, first an autonomous oblast within Uzbekistan, then an autonomous republic, and finally, in 1929, the status of a full Soviet Union Republic. Once the Tajiks had acquired their own republic, they began to acquire a national identity and national pride. The new government had not only to survive the civil war that followed the revolution but then to build an entirely new country in an immensely inhospitable terrain. New frontiers had to be wrested from neighbours, and a new cultural identity, "national in form but socialist in content", had to be created. This book is the first documentation of how the idea of a Tajik state came into being.