POLYMERIC NANOMATERIALS

These ten volumes provide an excellent, in-depth overview of all nanomaterial types and their uses in the life sciences. Each volume is dedicated to a specific material class and covers fundamentals, synthesis strategies, structure-property relationships, material behaviour finetuning, biological effects and applications in the life sciences. All important material classes are covered: metallic, metal oxide, magnetic, carbon, polymeric, composite and semiconducting nanomaterials as well as nanostructured surfaces and films. It serves as a major reference work in the field that brings together pertinent knowledge formerly widely spread out over many different sources.

Challa Kumar is currently the Director of Nanofabrication & Nanomaterials at the Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devicees (CAMD), Baton Rouge, USA. He is also the President and CEO of Magnano Technologies, a company established to commercialize nanomaterials for applications in life sciences. His research interests are in developing novel synthetic methods, including those based on microfluidic reactors, for multifunctional nanomaterials. He has also been involved in the development of innovative therapeutic & diagnostic tools based on nanotechnology. He has eight years of industrial R&D experience working for Imperial Chemical Industries and United Breweries. He is the founding Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology, published by American Scientific Publishers and Series editor for the ten-volume book series, Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences (NtLS), published by Wiley-VCH.

Preface.

List of Contributors.

Part One Nanogels, Interfaces, Carriers, and Polymersomes.

1 Towards Self-Healing Organic Nanogels: A Computational Approach (German V. Kolmakov, Solomon F. Duki, Victor V. Yashin and Anna C. Balazs).

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Methodology.

1.3 Towards Self-Healing Organic Nanogels.

1.4 Conclusions.

Acknowledgments.

References.

2 Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Nanogels (Yoshifumi Amamoto, Hideyuki Otsuka and Atsushi Takahara).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Synthesis of Polymeric Nanogels.

2.3 Characterization of Polymeric Nanogels.

References.

3 Stimulus-Responsive Polymers at Nanointerfaces (Roshan Vasani, Martin Cole, Amanda V. Ellis and Nicolas H. Voelcker).

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Types of Stimulus-Responsive Polymer.

3.3 Generating Stimulus-Responsive Interfaces.

3.4 Applications of Stimulus-Responsive Polymers at Interfaces.

3.5 Summary and Future Perspectives.

List of Abbreviations.

References.

4 Self-Assembled Peptide Nanostructures and Their Controlled Positioning on Surfaces (Maria Farsari and Anna Mitraki).

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Vertical and Horizontal Alignment on Surfaces.

4.3 Printing Using Inkjet Technology.

4.4 Vapor Deposition Methods.

4.5 Positioning Using Dielectrophoresis.

4.6 Laser Patterning.

4.7 Summary and Perspectives.

Acknowledgments.

References.

5 Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers: Promises and Problems (Vladimir P. Torchilin).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Established Paradigms: Longevity and Targetability.

5.3 Stimuli-Sensitivity and Intracellular Targeting.

5.4 A New Challenge: Theranostics.

References.

6 Polymersomes and Their Biomedical Applications (Giuseppe Battaglia).

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 The Chemistry of Polymersomes.

6.3 Polymersomes: Physico-Chemical Properties.

6.4 Polymersomes Formation and Preparation.

6.5 Biomedical Applications.

6.6 Conclusions.

References.

Part Two Nanoparticles.

7 Synthetic Approaches to Organic Nanoparticles (Stefan Köstler and Volker Ribitsch).

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Methods of Organic Nanoparticle Preparation.

7.3 Application of Organic Nanoparticles.

7.4 Summary and Future Perspectives.

References.

8 Organic Nanoparticles Using Microfluidic Technology for Drug-Delivery Applications (Wei Cheng, Lorenzo Capretto, Martyn Hill and Xunli Zhang).

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Microfluidic Synthesis of Organic Nanoparticles.

8.3 Microfluidic-Related Organic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.

8.4 Conclusions and Prospective Study.

References.

9 Lipid–Polymer Nanomaterials (Corbin Clawson, Sadik Esener and Liangfang Zhang).

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Lipopolymers.

9.3 Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles.

9.4 Lipid–Polymer Films and Coatings.

9.5 Summary and Future Perspective.

References.

10 Core–Shell Polymeric Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications (Ziyad S. Haidar and Maryam Tabrizian).

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Core–Shell Nanomaterials of Biomedical Interest.

10.3 Core–Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles.

10.4 Biomedical Applications of Core–Shell Polymeric Nanostructures.

10.5 Future Prospects.

Acknowledgments.

References.

11 Polymer Nanoparticles and Their Cellular Interactions (Volker Mailänder and Katharina Landfester).

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Nanoparticles as Labeling Agents for Cellular Therapeutics.

11.3 Uptake of Polymeric Nanoparticles into Cells.

11.4 Infl uence of Nanoparticles on (Stem) Cell Differentiation.

11.5 Endocytosis.

11.6 Summary.

References.

12 Radiopaque Polymeric Nanoparticles for X-Ray Medical Imaging (Shlomo Margel, Anna Galperin, Hagit Aviv, Soenke Bartling and Fabian Kiessling).

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Synthesis of the Monomer MAOETIB.

12.3 Radiopaque Iodinated P(MAOETIB) Nanoparticles.

12.4 Radiopaqe Iodinated P(MAOETIB–GMA) Copolymeric Nanoparticles.

12.5 Summary.

References.

13 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles to Improve Brain Drug Delivery (Paolo Blasi, Aurélie Schoubben, Stefano Giovagnoli, Carlo Rossi and Maurizio Ricci).

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 The General Problem of Brain Drug Delivery.

13.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery.

13.4 Concluding Remarks.

References.

Part Three Nanoscaffolds, Nanotubes, and Nanowires.

14 Architectural and Surface Modification of Nanofi brous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering (Jerani T.S. Pettikiriarachchi, Clare L. Parish, David R. Nisbet and John S. Forsythe).

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

14.3 Nanofibrous Scaffolds.

14.4 Electrospinning.

14.5 Cellular Interactions with Polymeric Nanofibers.

14.6 Optimizing Fiber and Scaffold Architecture.

14.7 Optimizing the Fiber Surface.

14.8 Challenges with Fibrous Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering.

14.9 Summary.

14.10 Future Perspectives.

References.

15 Controlling the Shape of Organic Nanostructures: Fabrication and Properties (Rabih O. Al-Kaysi and Christopher J. Bardeen).

15.1 Introduction.

15.2 Milling, Soft-Templating, and Other Methods for Preparing Organic Nanostructures.

15.3 Hard-Templating Methods for Preparing Organic Nanostructures.

15.4 Applications of Noncovalent Organic Nanostructures.

15.5 Future Challenges and Outlook.

Acknowledgments.

References.

16 Conducting Polymer Nanowires and Their Biomedical Applications (Robert Lee and Adam K. Wanekaya).

16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Fabrication of Conducting Polymer Nanowires.

16.3 Surface Modifi cation of Conducting Polymer Nanowires.

16.4 Assembly/Alignment of Conducting Polymer Nanowires.

16.5 Biomedical Applications of Conducting Polymer Nanowires.

16.6 Summary and Future Perspectives.

References.

17 Organic Nanowires and Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications (Keunsoo Jeong and Chong Rae Park).

17.1 Introduction.

17.2 Fabrication of Organic Nanowires and/or Nanotubes.

17.3 Biomedical Applications of Nanowires and/or Nanotubes.

17.4 Summary.

References.

18 Rosette Nanotubes for Targeted Drug Delivery (Sarabjeet Singh Suri, Hicham Fenniri and Baljit Singh).

18.1 Introduction.

18.2 Peptide-Based Nanotubes.

18.3 Self-Assembling Rosette Nanotubes.

18.4 Stability Issues.

18.5 Nanomaterials for Receptor-Mediated Targeting.

18.6 Ethical Issues and Future Directions.

18.7 Conclusions.

References.

Index.