Handbook for Critical Cleaning：Cleaning Agents and Systems, Second Edition

Cleaning Agents and Systems is the first volume in the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition.

Should you clean your product during manufacturing? If so, when and how? Cleaning is essential for proper performance, optimal quality, and increased sales. Inadequate cleaning of product elements can lead to catastrophic failure of the entire system and serious hazards to individuals and the general public.

Gain a competitive edge with proven cleaning and contamination-control strategies

A decade after the bestselling original, the Handbook for Critical Cleaning, Second Edition helps manufacturers meet today’s challenges, providing practical information and perspective about cleaning chemistries, equipment, processes, and applications. With 90% new or revised chapters plus supplementary online material, the handbook has grown into two comprehensive volumes: Cleaning Agents and Systems and Applications, Processes, and Controls.

Helping manufacturers become more efficient and productive, these books:


Show how to increase profitability and meet both existing and expected product demand


Clarify the sea of print and Internet information about cleaning chemistries and techniques


Address challenges of performance, miniaturization, and cost, as well as regulatory and supply chain pressures


Offer clearly written guidance from the viewpoints of more than 70 leading industry contributors in technical, management, academic, and regulatory disciplines


Overview chapters by the editors, industry icons Barbara and Ed Kanegsberg, meld the different viewpoints and compile and critique the options. The result is a complete, cohesive, balanced perspective that helps manufacturers better select, implement, and maintain a quality, value-added cleaning process.
The first volume, Handbook for Critical Cleaning: Cleaning Agents and Systems, gives manufacturers a practical understanding of the variety and functions of cleaning chemistries and cleaning, rinsing, and drying equipment. Topics include aqueous, solvent, and "non-chemical" approaches. Readers can compare process costs, performance, and regulatory issues, and then choose their best option.

Barbara Kanegsberg is president of BFK Solutions LLC, Pacific Palisades, California, an independent consulting company established in 1994. BFK Solutions is the industry leader in critical cleaning. As a recognized consultant in the areas of critical cleaning, contamination control, surface quality, and process validation, she helps companies optimize manufacturing cleaning processes, improve yield, resolve regulatory issues, and maintain trouble-free production. She has participated in projects that include aerospace/military equipment, electronics assembly, medical devices, engineered coatings, metals, pump repair, and optical and nanotechnological devices. She has also participated in a number of product development- and intellectual property-related projects for manufacturers of cleaning chemicals and industrial equipment. Barbara is a recipient of the U.S. EPA Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award for her achievements in implementing effective, environment-friendly manufacturing processes. She has numerous publications to her credit in the areas of surface preparation, contamination control, critical cleaning, method validation, analytical techniques, and regulatory issues.

Ed Kanegsberg is the vice president of BFK Solutions, Pacific Palisades, California. He is also a chemical physicist and engineer who troubleshoots and solves manufacturing production problems. Ed is a recognized advisor and consultant in the areas of industrial cleaning process design and process performance. He uses his four decades of practical experience along with his background in physics and engineering to help companies solve production problems and optimize their cleaning and contamination control processes.

Part I: Cleaning Agents
Cleaning Agents: Overview, B. Kanegsberg
Aqueous Cleaning Essentials, M. Beeks and D. Keller
Cleaning Agent Chemistry, J. Quitmeyer
Solvents and Solubility, J. Burke
Hydrofluoroethers, J.G. Owens
Hydrofluorocarbons, J.E. Bartelt and A. Merchant
n-Propyl Bromide, J. Dingess, R. Morford, and R.L. Shubkin
Vapor Degreasing with Traditional Chlorinated Solvents, S.P. Risotto
D-Limonene: A Safe and Versatile Naturally Occurring Alternative Solvent, R. Gustafson
Benzotrifluorides, P.D Skelly


Part II: Cleaning Systems
Cleaning Equipment: Overview, B. Kanegsberg
The Fundamental Theory and Application of Ultrasonics for Cleaning, F.J. Fuchs
Ultrasonic Cleaning Mechanism, S.B. Awad
Ultrasonic Cleaning with Two Frequencies, K.R. Gopi and S.B. Awad
Megasonic Cleaning Action, M. Beck
Snap, Crackle, or Pop: How Do Bubbles Sound? M. Hodnett
Principles and Quantitative Measurements of Cavitation, L. Azar
Equipment Design, E.W. Lamm
From Laboratory Cleaning to Production Cleaning, R. Baldwin
Cold and Heated Batch: Solvent Cleaning Systems, P. D. Skelly
Flushing: A Dynamic Learning Process in Soils, Chemistry, and Equipment, R. Petrulio
Solvent Vapor Degreasing: Minimizing Waste Streams, J. McChesney
Vapor Degreaser Retrofitting, A. Gillman
Enclosed Cleaning Systems, D. Gray and J. Durkee
Organic Solvent Cleaning: Solvent and Vapor Phase Equipment Overview, W.L. Mouser
Overview to "Nonchemical" Cleaning, E. Kanegsberg
Cleaning with Micro Sandblasters, J. Swan
Cleaning with Carbon Dioxide Snow, R. Sherman
Cleaning with Dense-Phase CO2: Liquid CO2, Supercritical CO2, and CO2 Snow, W.M. Nelson
Gas Plasma: A Dry Process for Cleaning and Surface Treatment, K. Sautter and W. Moffat
Superheated, High-Pressure Steam Vapor Cleaning, M. Friedheim and J. Gonzalez
Making Decisions About Water and Wastewater Processes, J.F. Russo
Overview of Drying: Drying After Solvent Cleaning and Fixturing, B. Kanegsberg
Drying, D.J. VanderPyl
Liquid Displacement Drying Techniques, P. Dale and R. Polhamus

Glossary of Terms and Acronyms