Particle and Astroparticle Physics

From superstring theory to models with extra dimensions to dark matter and dark energy, a range of theoretically stimulating ideas have evolved for physics beyond the standard model. These developments have spawned a new area of physics that centers on the interplay between particle physics and cosmology—astroparticle physics. Providing the necessary theoretical background, Particle and Astroparticle Physics clearly presents the many recent advances that have occurred in these fields. Divided into five parts, the book begins with discussions on group and field theories. The second part summarizes the standard model of particle physics and includes some extensions to the model, such as neutrino masses and CP violation. The next section focuses on grand unified theories and supersymmetry. The book then discusses the general theory of relativity, higher dimensional theories of gravity, and superstring theory. It also introduces various novel ideas and models with extra dimensions and low-scale gravity. The last part of the book deals with astroparticle physics. After an introduction to cosmology, it covers several specialized topics, including baryogenesis, dark matter, dark energy, and brane cosmology. With numerous equations and detailed references, this lucid book explores the new physics beyond the standard model, showing that particle and astroparticle physics will together reveal unique insights in the next era of physics.

Preface Introduction Formalism Particles and Fields Action principle Scalar, spinor, and gauge fields Feynman diagrams Scattering processes and cross section Renormalization Divergences Radiative corrections Renormalization of QED Renormalization in ø4 theory Group Theory Matrix groups Lie groups and Lie algebra SU(2), SU(3), and SU(n) groups Group representations Orthogonal groups STANDARD MODEL AND BEYOND Symmetries in Nature Discrete symmetries Continuous symmetries Symmetry breaking Local symmetries The Standard Model Quantum chromodynamics V–A theory Electroweak theory Fermion masses and mixing Neutrino Masses and Mixing Dirac and Majorana neutrinos Models of neutrino masses Neutrino oscillations Summary of experiments CP Violation CP violation in the quark sector Strong CP problem Peccei–Quinn symmetry CP violation in the leptonic sector Grand Unification and Supersymmetry Grand Unified Theory SU(5) grand unified theories Particle spectrum Proton decay Coupling constant unification SO(10) grand unified theories Supersymmetry Why supersymmetry Formalism Gauge theory Supersymmetry breaking Supersymmetric Models Minimal supersymmetric standard model Supersymmetry breaking models R-parity violation Supersymmetry and L violation Grand unified theories EXTRA DIMENSIONS Extended Gravity Gravity in four dimensions Gravity in higher dimensions Supergravity Extended supergravity Introduction to Strings Bosonic strings Superstrings Heterotic string Superstring phenomenology Duality and branes Extra Dimensions and Low-Scale Gravity Large extra dimensions Phenomenology with large extra dimensions TeV-scale grand unified theories Neutrino masses and strong CP problem Warped extra dimensions Novelties with Extra Dimensions Noncompact warped dimensions Orbifold grand unified theories Split supersymmetry Higgsless models ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS Introduction to Cosmology The standard model of cosmology Evolution of the universe Primordial nucleosynthesis Cosmic microwave background radiation Formation of large scale structures Cosmic microwave background anisotropy Inflation Baryon Asymmetry of the Universe Baryogenesis Leptogenesis Models of leptogenesis Leptogenesis and neutrino masses Generic constraints Dark Matter and Dark Energy Dark matter and supersymmetry Models of dark matter Dark matter searches Dark energy and quintessense Neutrino dark energy Cosmology and Extra Dimensions Bounds on extra dimensions Brane cosmology Dark energy in a brane world Epilogue bibliography References Index