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This WHO report presents findings from a review commissioned by WHO Regional Director for Europe Zsuzsanna Jakab. Led by Marmot and his team at the University College London Institute of Health Equity, a consortium of 80-plus policy researchers and institutions, in close cooperation with technical units and programs in the WHO Regional Office for Europe, the project collected new evidence on the magnitude and pathways related to health inequalities between and within the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region and the most effective interventions and policy approaches to address them. The study presents practical and focused recommendations, such as ensuring universal coverage of health care, and solutions focusing on individual behavior, including smoking, diet, and alcohol. It also builds on the global evidence presented in the 2008 report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health, addressing the "causes of the causes" of health inequalities: the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, and the inequalities in power, money, and resources contributing to the divide. No subject index. Annotation c2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)