第1招 理清思路——拿下語法填空新題型
本招目標：
語法填空題作為一種新題型，即將在2014 年高考中大范圍施行，相較于語法選擇題，由于缺少了選項的提示，難度上略有上升，對考生的語法基礎要求更高。但是，“萬變不離其宗”，不管是語篇填空，還是單句選擇，主考的語法點并未發生變化，只要考生系統掌握語法知識，理順做題思路，加之適當的練習和鞏固，就一定能從容拿下語法填空新題型。
絕招傳授：
語法填空題是以語篇為基礎來設題，在一篇短文中挖出若干個空格。題目的設置主要有兩種形式，一種是純空格類題目，通常考查冠詞、介詞、代詞及連詞，答案只能為一個單詞；另一種是給定詞語類題目，要求用括號中所給詞語的正確形式填空，通常考查動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等，涉及詞形變換和詞類轉換，答案最多不超過3 個單詞。基于語法填空題的題型特點，我們應該采用如下的解題思路：
第一步：通讀全文，了解大意，理清脈絡，初步作答。
語法填空題是在語篇環境下考查考生對語法知識的運用能力，我們首先應快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大意，理清行文脈絡，以便更好地理解句與句之間的語義、邏輯及語法銜接上的關系，為后面尋找做題線索做好鋪墊。瀏覽時，對于有把握的空格可以先填上，后面再進行核查確認。
第二步：逐句分析，逐題作答，尋找線索，各個擊破。
通過瀏覽全文對語篇環境有了整體把握以后，開始逐句進行分析，逐空進行填寫。對空格所在的每一個句子都要仔細分析句子結構，判斷空格處所缺詞充當什么成分，根據空格前后詞語的形式，確定所填詞語的詞性及形式。對于一時沒有把握的空格，不要停留太長時間，標記后暫時放下，等到所有題目都做完后再來仔細斟酌。
第三步：查漏補缺，重點突破，沒把握處，仔細推敲。
全部題目逐一做完以后，對于沒有把握的空格，再來重點突破。由于之前已經對全篇各句都進行了仔細分析，因此無論是對句意還是對句與句之間的銜接關系都會有更深入的把握和理解，也就更容易理清句子的語法結構，從而準確作答。
第四步：重讀全篇，仔細核查，語法正確，語義通順。
最后還要再次通讀全篇，對每一個空格進行仔細核查，確保所填詞語既符合句子的語法結構，又能使空格前后語義通順，最終使各句形成結構完整、語義連貫的語篇。此外，還要注意所填詞語的拼寫是否正確、變形是否規范、大小寫是否準確。
提分典例
例1 [2013 廣東]
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious
food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ___1____ (find) that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ___2____ too little.”
His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much,
Father, but if I can pay less, ___3____ not save a bit of money?”
“That would be a very ___4____ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could
destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.
Nick’s guests, ___5____ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not
buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would
sell salt ___6____ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And
anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect
___7____ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”
“But such a small thing couldn’t ___8____ (possible) destroy a village.”
“In the beginning, there was only ___9____ very small amount of unfairness in the
world, but everyone added a little, always ___10____ (think) that it was only small and
not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”
1. 解析：本空填found。考查動詞的時態。分析句子結構可知，所填詞應為句子的謂語動詞。由開頭兩句即可知，本文是敘述過去的一個小故事，Suddenly 提示，空格所在句是故事中突然發生的情況，故與前兩句時態一致，用一般過去時，將find 轉換成found。
2. 解析：本空填nor。考查并列連詞。too much 和too little 明顯屬并列關系，中間需要連詞連接。neither… nor… 用于連接并列結構，表示“既不……也不……”，此處表示“既不要給太多，也不要給太少”。
3. 解析：本空填why。考查疑問副詞。由句末的問號可知，本句為疑問句；并列連詞but 提示，前后表示兩種相對的并列情況，結合前后句意及前一句中的why 可知，此處也應該是表示“為什么”之意，故也應填why。Whynot do sth.? 是慣用句式，意為“為什么不……？”
4. 解析：本空填reasonable。考查詞性轉換。名詞thing 需要一個形容詞來修飾，副詞very 也應該修飾形容詞，故在名詞reason 后面加上形容詞后綴-able，構成形容詞reasonable。
5. 解析：本空填who。考查定語從句關系代詞。本句的主干結構是Nick’s guests… asked why…，而空格所在部分也存在謂語和賓語結構had heard their conversation，由此可判斷，空格所在部分應為從句，所填詞應為主、從句的連接詞。結合句意分析可知，該從句應為非限制性定語從句，句中缺少主語，故應該使用關系代詞who 代替Nick’s guests在從句中充當主語。
6. 解析：本空填at。考查慣用搭配。表示“以什么樣的價格”用at a… price。
7. 解析：本空填for。考查慣用搭配。respect 與介詞for 搭配使用，表示“對……尊重”。
8. 解析：本空填possibly。考查詞性轉換。所填詞是修飾動詞destroy，故應用副詞形式。注意possible到possibly的轉換形式，不要直接加-ly。
9. 解析：本空填a。考查冠詞。amount為單數可數名詞，an amount of表示“大量，許多”，后接不可數名詞。本句中amount前面有修飾語very small，故填a。
10. 解析：本空填thinking。考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語。逗號前一句主謂結構完整（added 為謂語動詞），結合think 及其后句意可判斷，空格處應該是非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語，其與邏輯主語everyone 之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞thinking。
實戰演練
If you are a young student, most of your concerns about your health and
happiness in life are probably focused on the present. Basically, you want to feel
good physically, mentally, and ___1____ (emotion) now. You probably don’t spend
much time worrying about the distant future, such as ___2____ you will develop heart
disease, or cancer, how you will take care of yourself in your retirement years,
or how long you are going to live. Such thoughts may have crossed your mind
once ___3____ a while. However, if you are in your thirties, forties, fifties, or older, such health-related thoughts are likely to become ___4____ (increase) important to you.
Regardless of your age, you can make ___5____ number of important changes in your
current lifestyle ___6____ will help you feel better physically and mentally. Recently researchers have found that, even in late ___7____ (adult), exercise, strength training with weights, and better food can help elderly individuals significantly improve their health and add happiness ___8____ their life. We know much more about preventive health today than our parents and grandparents ___9____ in the past, giving us the opportunity to avoid some of the health problems that have troubled them. And this new knowledge can be transmitted to our children to help them become ___10____ (healthy) than our generation.
