2015考博英語模擬試卷與精解（簡體書）

博士研究生入學考試

英語模擬試卷一

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Section ⅠVocabulary

Directions：

There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section?For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D?Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1?

1?Prince Charles, the longest?waitingto the throne in British history, has spoken of his “impatience” to get things done?

A? at largeB? at intervalsC? at easeD? at random

A? heirB? heirshipC? heritageD? heiress

2?Love was in the air in aTokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their wives, promisingand extra tight hugs?

A? attitudeB? multitudeC? gratitudeD? latitude

3?The number of stay?at?home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, as families saw ain female breadwinners?

A? raiseB? riseC? ariseD? increase

4?The market for dust masks and air purifiers isin Beijing because the capital has been shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze?

A? boomingB? loomingC? doomingD? zooming

5?Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are toofor their young children, a study found?

A? scarceB? scaryC? scaredD? scarred

6?It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has beensince the tripling of tuition fees to ￡9,000 a year?

A? scratchedB? scrapedC? scrabbledD? scrapped

7?Microsoft founder Bill Gates hasabout being a parent, stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child?s first cell phone?

A? opened upB? taken upC? put upD? held up

8?Sales of mushrooms have hit an all?time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap andfoodstuff for their cooking?

A? versatileB? multipleC? manifoldD? diverse

9?“Gangnam Style”, thepopular song from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever?

A? sanelyB? insanelyC? rationallyD? insatiably

10?TheBritish theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark?

A? imposingB? loftyC? prominentD? eminent

11?The stream overflowed and the floodall of the farmland in the area?

A?submergedB?sankC?soaked D?stripped

12?Powell calls for drawdown from Iraq by mid?2007?His comments break his long public silence on the issue and place himwith the administration?

A?at willB?at easeC?at timesD?at odds

13.We cannot bethe choices that our children are going to make,even though we have contributed to those choices?

A?subject toB?susceptible toC?accountable forD?crazy about

14?It?s easier to dismiss reports of low employee morale than face the facts and act.

A?consequentlyB?accordinglyC?successfullyD?excessively

15?She took a(n)to the house as soon as she saw it?

A?preferenceB?affectionC?attentionD?fancy

16?He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becomingand to stimulate their desire to learn more?

A?pessimisticB?complacentC?perplexedD?complicated

17?The students on the school bus werefor half an hour in the traffic so all of them were late for class that morning?

A?held upB?kept offC?taken backD?put off

18?This special committee was established for well?integrated members of the society and not forindividuals?

A?marginalB?minorC?eccentricD?distinctive

19?In the past，competition for jobs caused differentgroups to be hostile toward each other?

A?sexistB?ethnicC?graciousD?classic

20?The old musician decided to move to her country homeher advanced age and poor health?

A?with regard toB?by virtue of

C?on account ofD?at the verge of



Section ⅡCloze

Directions：

Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word and write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 2?

One word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means 21 fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce 22 pitched sounds. The notes in a musical scale indicate the 23 or frequency of the sound. 24 word that can describe a sound is intensity. Intensity 25 to the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it 26 a sound?s loudness. Printed music will often include notes about how loud or 27 to play each section of the music. Timbre is another 28 used to describe musical sounds. It describes how the same note will have 29 sounds when played 30 different instruments. For example the same note may sound soft and pretty when played on a flute, 31 strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actual note 32 is played 33 its overtones, 34 are other higher and lower sounds that are produced 35 the same time.

Section ⅢReading Comprehension

Directions：

Read the following four passages?Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A，B，C or D?Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1?

1

Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever?increasing amounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expanding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls).

When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range?

Take，for example，Wal?Mart?Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80%，profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe?Clearly，the valuation picture has changed?An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio?Today，however，the equation is completely different—despite the stock price，Wal?Mart is，in essence，trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend，twice the earnings power，more stores，and a bigger infrastructure?Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy?

Coca?Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon?Ten years ago，in 1996，the stock traded between a range of $36?10 and $54?30 per share?At the time，it had reported earnings per share of $1?40 and paid a cash dividend of $0?50 per share?Corporate per share book value was $2?48?Last year，the stock traded within a range of $40?30 and $45?30 per share; squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2?16 (a rise of 54%)，the cash dividend has more than doubled to ＄1?20，book value is expected to have grown to $7?40 per share (a gain of nearly 300%)，and the total number of shares outstanding（未償付的，未完成的）has actually decreased from 2?481 billion to an estimated 2?355 billion due to the company?s share repurchase program?


36?This passage is probably a part of ?

A?Find Hidden Value in the MarketB?Become Richer

C?Get Good BargainsD?Identify Good Companies

37?The italicized word“stagnant”(Line 4，Para?1）can be best paraphrased as?

A?prominentB?terribleC?unchangedD?progressing

38?Wal?Mart is now trading at a much lower price because ?

A?it has stored a large quantity of goods

B?it has become financially more powerful

C?it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy

D?it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies

39?All the following are shared by Wal?Mart and Coco?Cola EXCEPT?

A?the cash dividend has increased

B?the earning power has become stronger

C?both businesses have continued to grow

D?the stock price has greatly decreased

40?According to the author，one had better ?

A?buy more shares when the stock price falls down

B?sell out the shares when the stock price falls down

C?do some research on the value of a business when its stock price falls down

D?invest in the business when its stock price falls down

2


Today?s college students are more narcissistic（自戀的）and self?centered than their predecessors，according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society?

“We need to stop endlessly repeating‘You?re special’and having children repeat that back，”said the study?s lead author，Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University?“Kids are self?centered enough already?”“Unfortunately，narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society，including the breakdown of close relationships with others，”he said?The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short?lived，at risk for infidelity，lack emotional warmth，and to exhibit game?playing，dishonesty，and over?controlling and violent behaviors?”Twenge，the author of Generation Me：Why Today?s Young Americans Are More Confident，Assertive，Entitled—and More Miserable Than Ever Before，said narcissists tend to lack empathy，react aggressively to criticism and favor self?promotion over helping others?

Some analysts have commended today?s young people for increased commitment to volunteer work?But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically，noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications?

Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced（非常明顯的）that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies?“Permissiveness seems to be a component，”he said?“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting?Less indulgence might be called for?”

Yet students，while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings，don?t necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation?

Hanady Kader，a University of Washington senior，said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic?minded?But she is dismayed（氣餒，灰心）by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status?“We?re encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want，and nobody should stand in your way，”Kader said?“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships?”

Kari Dalane，a University of Vermont sophomore，says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self?centered?“People are worried about themselves—but in the sense of where they?re going to find a place in the world，”she said?“People want to look their best，have a good time，but it doesn?t mean they?re not concerned about the rest of the world?”

Besides，some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome，Dalane said?“It would be more depressing if people answered，‘No，I?m not special?’”

41?According to the passage，a narcissistic person may ?

A?hate criticismB?be dishonest to his/her partner

C?be unwilling to help othersD?all the above

42?The italicized word“commended”（Line 1，Para?3）means?

A?praisedB?criticizedC?recommendedD?disfavored

43?Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A?Narcissism may result in bad consequences?

B?College students are active to participate in volunteer work?

C?Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge?

D?Some college students are overly engaged in self?promotion?

44?It is implied that ?

A?both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism

B?the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the study

C?the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study

D?college students are pessimistic about their future

45?It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I?m special?”

A?objectiveB?pessimisticC?optimisticD?worried