The European Union's hydrocarbon energy supply depends heavily on imports. While the European Commission has recommended diversifying and increasing domestic resources, notably with renewable resources that should grow to 20 percent by 2020, dependence on hydrocarbon imports will remain not only substantial, but will increase. This entirely revised edition of the fourth study conducted by the European Governance and Geopolitics of Energy Program at IFRI includes discussions about pipeline routes and potential outputs, their current use and financial requirements for transportation, ongoing projects and those planned for the future, their cost, their financing, and their probable operational start-up date. While all infrastructures are necessarily examined (including Norway, the United Kingdom, and North Africa), particular attention is paid to transportation infrastructure that connects Europe with Russia and the former Soviet Union (Central Asia, Caspian Sea).
Susanne Nies holds a PhD in political science, Slavistics, and Romanistics from Bonn University (Germany) as well as a diploma from the London School of Economics (economics of the European Union). She habilitated in international relations in Sciences Po Paris as well as Free University Berlin.
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