Optimization: Using Models, Validating Models, Solutions, Answers.- From the Problem to its Mathematical Formulation.- Mathematical Solution Techniques.- Problems Solvable Using Linear Programming.- How Optimization is Used in Practice: Case Studies in Linear Programming.- Modeling Structures Using Mixed Integer Programming.- Types of Mixed Integer Linear Programming Problems.- Case Studies and Problem Formulations.- User Control of the Optimization Process and Improving Efficiency.- How Optimization is Used in Practice: Case Studies in Integer Programming.- Beyond LP and MILP Problems.- Mathematical Solution Techniques - The Nonlinear World.- Global Optimization in Practice.- Polylithic Modeling and Solution Approaches.- Cutting & Packing beyond and within Mathematical Programming.- The Impact and Implications of Optimization.- Concluding Remarks and Outlook.