As we know, snow is one of the forms of precipitation; however, hydrologist treats it differently
due to the temporal difference between the time of its fall and the time of its runoff, groundwater
recharge, and the fact that it is a part of various hydrological processes. The hydrological point
of view in relation with the snow is mostly considered in middle to high latitudes and mountainous
regions, where often melt period sometimes lasts for months following seasonal accumulation of
snowpack. During this accumulation period, there is a very small amount or no snow
melt. Precipitation (sometimes rain) falls and is temporarily retained as snowpack until the melt
season starts. It is mandatory for the hydrology to record how much amount of water is collected in
a basin in the form of snow. For a better knowledge of the hydrology of mountainous
terrain, detailed assessment of the areal distribution of snow, its quality, and the presence of
liquid water in it is also necessary. All of these snow indications are difficult to quantify and
measure, and they will most certainly differ from one location to the next.
Remote sensing (RS) provides a new tool for obtaining snow data for predicting snow and glacier
melt runoff. Researchers have manually collected snow data manually through snow- related
courses, which are labor-intensive, expensive, and potentially dangerous. Even when
accessible, snow course data represents simply a location in the region and can only be used as an
index of the available snow water content. Despite the fact that measurements are
considered automated, the difficulty of a single point measurement or observation of snow being
typical of a broader area or basin persists. It is one of the most easily identifiable forms of water resources
utilising aerial photography or satellite imaging in the case of remotely sensed snow data.
Satellite systems can currently only determine the area covered by snow, the depth of the snow, and
the snow water equivalent; physical snow parameters cannot be monitored directly by these satellite
systems.
The considerable amount of freshwater has been present in the nature in snow and glacier form in
the River basins which are, in most of the cases, located in high mountainous areas. Many other
water resources like lakes, Rivers, streams etc. are fed by the outflow of water from these
glaciers. The estimated glacier area in the world has about 14.9 x 10⁶ km , which is approximately
10% of the overall land area present on the earth (Singh and Singh, 2001). Although just 3% of this
snow is scattered over mountainous regions on many continents and even beyond the polar regions, it
serves a critical role in delivering water to the majority of the world's population. It has been
observed that the Himalayan mountains have a big contribution in freshwater supply
globally. Major Rivers present in south Asia certainly originate from the Himalayan mountain
systems. Among them, the Ganga, Indus, and Brahmaputra are said to be the lifeline of the Indian
sub-continent. Snow and glacier melt runoff also contribute to the Himalayan Rivers flow.
外文書商品之書封，為出版社提供之樣本。實際出貨商品，以出版社所提供之現有版本為主。部份書籍，因出版社供應狀況特殊，匯率將依實際狀況做調整。
無庫存之商品，在您完成訂單程序之後，將以空運的方式為你下單調貨。為了縮短等待的時間，建議您將外文書與其他商品分開下單，以獲得最快的取貨速度，平均調貨時間為1~2個月。
為了保護您的權益，「三民網路書店」提供會員七日商品鑑賞期(收到商品為起始日)。
若要辦理退貨，請在商品鑑賞期內寄回，且商品必須是全新狀態與完整包裝(商品、附件、發票、隨貨贈品等)否則恕不接受退貨。
