Efficient Anchor Based Angular Routing Protocols for 3 Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks

In the last few decades, continuous development of wireless sensor technology has enhanced scalability and usability with reduced manufacturing as well as maintenance cost. As a result, wireless sensor networks(WSNs) become a prime technology for remote monitoring applications. The WSN composed of a large number of low cost portable smart wireless sensor nodes where a node consists of a set of embedded sensors, along with limited resources (e.g., processor, memory, battery and optional GPS, etc.) and communicates via wireless channel (e.g., Wi-Fi, ZigBee, UVB, Bluetooth etc.). Some of the applications of WSNs are agricultural crop monitoring, ocean environment monitoring, gas detection in coal mines, disaster prediction, habitat surveillance, home automation, military operations, industrial monitoring and many more. The objective ofWSN is to sense the changes in environment, process and send it to another node termed as sink node. The communication between sensing node and sink node may be multivariate with multihop in nature, so a routing protocol is required to transmit/forward the data towards the sink node effectively. Traditional wireless ad hoc routing protocols are broadly divided into two types: proactive and reactive. Proactive routing protocols are table-driven protocols where each node maintains a routing table and updated periodically on the basis of neighbor nodes. Each node periodically broadcasts routing information to update the neighbors table. Hence, it suffers from high storage and communication cost.On the other