Fabrication of Ultrasensitive Nanoelectrodes for Electrochemical Quantification and Validation of some Pharmaceuticals

Analytical chemistry has been described as the art and science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists. It is useful in determining and deploying the physical properties of materials [1,2]. It takes a noticeable spot among all arenas of experimental sciences, ranging from fundamental studies of nature to industrial or clinical purposes. This branch of chemistry underwent a huge transformation between the years 1920 and 1950, which has been described as 'the second chemical revolution'. The revolution seen in the past was the result of the convergence of numerous incidents all of which revealed how the introduction and advancement of physically based instrumental techniques would benefit the analytical chemists. Many changes were observed in the practice of analytical chemistry due to this transformation. This revolution was responsible for promotion of a new kind of scientific knowledge and scientific instrumentation in this field [3-5]. Analytical chemistry being a central part of much industrial research and control is primarily used to retrieve reliable knowledge of the utmost possible quality by consuming increasingly less material, time and resources, taking the least possible hazards and minimizing large expenditures. Realization of this multiple goal has presently been simplified by developments in automation, miniaturization and computers among others [6].

Directed by pharmacology and clinical sciences, and maneuvered by chemistry, pharmaceutical research in the past has played a crucial part in the development of pharmaceuticals. The progress seen in the field of pharmaceutical research was responsible for revolutionizing human health. The drugs serve their desired purpose only when they are highly pure and are given in a proper amount. To make pharmaceuticals serve their purpose, different chemical and instrumental procedures were established to estimate their quality. Analytical instrumentation and procedures play a significant role in detecting the impurities present in the drugs and quantifying them with a high degree of accuracy [7,8].