Blockchain, Smart Contracts and Distributed Ledger Technologies in the Built Environment: Key Concepts, Technologies, and Applications

The built environment, encompassing the spaces we inhabit, the infrastructure that connects us, and the systems that sustain our societies, is foundational to human progress. It shapes how we live, work and interact, serving as a foundation for social and economic prosperity. Yet, despite its importance, the sector faces enduring challenges: inefficiencies, fragmentation, environmental impact, and a lack of transformative innovation, particularly in areas such as value creation, business model evolution, and major sector-wide transformations.

Digitalisation and digital transformation, driven by technologies such as building information modelling (BIM), the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and immersive technologies, have become essential in helping the sector address these issues. More recently, distributed ledger technologies (DLT), such as blockchain and self-executing contracts like smart contracts, have emerged, offering further opportunities for the built environment.

Emerging evidence, as explored in this book, highlights DLT's capabilities in transparency and trust (immutable records and enhanced accountability), efficiency and automation (smart contracts and streamlined processes), data security (decentralised integrity), collaborative governance (shared decision-making), tokenisation (democratised ownership), integration (synergy with Digital Twins, BIM and IoT), and sustainability (circular economies, renewable energy). However, adoption in the built environment faces several challenges, including legal, technical, ethical and stakeholder barriers.

Combining theoretical and practical perspectives, this book examines the potential of blockchain and DLT in both the delivery and management of the built environment, addressing their adoption frameworks, applications and associated benefits and challenges.

Intended for researchers, practitioners, students, technology developers and policymakers, Blockchain, Smart Contracts and Distributed Ledger Technologies in the Built Environment: Key concepts, technologies, and applications is a comprehensive guide to the adoption and integration of DLT in the built environment.