Aquatic Microbial Communities: Structure and Function

Aquatic microbial communities are intricate assemblies of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, algae, and fungi, thriving in various water bodies such as oceans, lakes, rivers, and wetlands. These communities are pivotal to aquatic ecosystems due to their role in nutrient cycling, primary production, and maintaining water quality. Structurally, aquatic microbial communities exhibit immense diversity, influenced by factors such as water chemistry, temperature, light availability, and the presence of other organisms. In marine environments, phytoplankton, a type of microalgae, form the base of the food web, producing organic matter through photosynthesis. Bacteria and archaea decompose organic material, releasing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus back into the water, which are essential for the growth of primary producers. Functionally, these communities drive biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, where they mediate the uptake and release of carbon dioxide. Microbes also play a crucial role in the nitrogen cycle, facilitating processes like nitrification and denitrification, which regulate nitrogen availability in the ecosystem. Additionally, they contribute to the degradation of pollutants, enhancing water quality and ecosystem health. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of aquatic microbial communities. The various advancements in this field of study are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.