Clotel

Clotel; or, The President's Daughter (1853) by William Wells Brown is the first published novel by an African American. It tells the story of Clotel, the fictional mixed-race daughter of Thomas Jefferson and an enslaved woman, and explores the devastating effects of slavery on Black families.

The novel follows Clotel and her sister Althesa, who, despite their partial white ancestry and education, are still enslaved and subjected to exploitation, betrayal, and separation. Clotel endures heartbreak, escapes bondage, and struggles for freedom, but her life ends tragically when she leaps into the Potomac River to avoid recapture.

Through its characters' suffering, the novel highlights themes of racial injustice, the hypocrisy of American democracy, and the destruction of families under slavery, making it both a work of fiction and a powerful abolitionist statement.