The French Médersa: Islamic Education and Empire in Northwest Africa

The French M嶮ersa explores how the French state pursued a century-long project of bicultural "Franco-Muslim" education in its northwest African colonies, resulting in a new type of school, the m嶮ersa, that combined French and Islamic curricula. French officials frequently described these schools and their students as hyphens, drawing connections between larger French and Islamic forces. Samuel D. Anderson highlights this hyphenating idea, situating Franco-Muslim education between ideas about not only France and Islam but also about tradition and modernity, and about North and West Africa.

The m嶮ersa project had two goals: to create an elite class of Muslims friendly to the French imperial project and, subsequently, to mold Islam into a form that could be more easily controlled. A total of ten m嶮ersas opened across Algeria, Senegal, French Soudan, and Mauritania and closed only in the 1950s. The graduates of these schools, the med廨siens, went on to shape their societies profoundly, but not always in the ways the French anticipated.

Drawing on archival and oral sources from Algeria, Mauritania, Senegal, and France, The French M嶮ersa proposes new ways to approach trans-Saharan history. Anderson argues that across northwest Africa, and for more than a century, Franco-Muslim education was central to the history of French empire and Islamic education alike.