How Minds Are Made: Understanding Artificial Intelligence from the Inside Out

We are building minds we do not yet understand.

Artificial intelligence now writes, reasons, and coordinates at scales that exceed our own. Yet the systems transforming our world remain curiously alien: intelligent without consciousness, capable without comprehension, optimizing for goals we struggle to specify.

How Minds Are Made is the clearest and most comprehensive exploration of what AI truly is, how it learns, and why it challenges the limits of human understanding. From the mathematics of learning to the geometry of meaning, and from alignment failures to coordination traps, it reveals both the extraordinary breakthroughs and the deep risks behind artificial intelligence.

Inside, you'll uncover why all minds, human or machine, are systems that compress reality into models. You'll see why those models can be brilliant yet brittle, aligned yet deceptive, and why our race to build more capable systems may be moving faster than our wisdom to guide them.

Bridging science and philosophy, How Minds Are Made takes readers from the foundations of intelligence to the frontiers of control, tracing how machines learn, why alignment is so elusive, and whether humanity can still coordinate in time.

Neither warning nor celebration, How Minds Are Made explores how artificial intelligence is shifting from something we build to something we live within, and ultimately to something we have yet to fully understand.