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Academic Paper from the year 2026 in the subject Biology - Diseases, Health, Nutrition, language: English, abstract: Helicobacter pylori infection represents a significant clinical challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance, particularly against clarithromycin and metronidazole, leading to the failure of conventional regimens like triple therapy. To address this issue, the incorporation of natural compounds has emerged as a promising alternative, acting as synergistic adjuvants with unique, non-antibiotic mechanisms. These compounds effectively target the bacterium by directly destroying it, inhibiting virulence factors such as urease, and offering protection to the gastric mucosa. Probiotics play a pivotal role in enhancing treatment outcomes. Their inclusion has been shown to boost eradication rates by 8% to 12% while markedly reducing antibiotic-related side effects, such as diarrhea and nausea, from an average of 36% to approximately 21%, thereby improving patient adherence to therapy. Cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins prevent bacterial adhesion and colonization, while curcumin from turmeric is recognized for its potent anti-inflammatory properties and ability to disrupt biofilm formation, a key contributor to antibiotic resistance. Compounds derived from pomegranate and ginger effectively inhibit urease activity, neutralizing the bacteria's acid resilience. Allicin, sourced from garlic, possesses bactericidal properties that deactivate crucial bacterial enzymes. Sulforaphane from broccoli stands out for its ability to eliminate bacteria residing within host cells, a notable factor in the recurrence of infection. Essential oils, rich in carvacrol and thymol, alongside black seed oil containing thymoquinone, exert their effects by disrupting bacterial membranes. Their lipophilic attributes enhance structural disruption, promoting greater antibiotic permeability and re-sensitizing resistant bacterial strains. The future of managing Helicobacter pylor
