For two centuries, the fight for women's liberation moved against visible structures: the law, the workplace, the public square, the harasser. Four waves of feminism made those structures argue with us, sometimes win, sometimes lose. Each wave passed something solved and something undone to the wave that followed.
The structures have moved again.
In *The Next Wave: Feminism After the Algorithm*, J.J. Ramos argues that the most consequential decisions about women's lives are now mediated by AI systems whose decisions are private, opaque, and resistant to the strategies the previous waves developed. The hiring algorithm. The medical diagnostic. The credit limit. The image generator. The recommendation feed. Each one trained on the inequalities of the past, each one reproducing them at scale, each one harder to argue with than a person.
Drawing on the feminist lineage from Wollstonecraft to bell hooks and the algorithmic-justice scholarship of Joy Buolamwini, Safiya Umoja Noble, Cathy O'Neil, Ruha Benjamin, and Caroline Criado Perez, Ramos maps the new battlefields - hiring, healthcare, money, image, the unequal labor of "alignment" in the global south, the aesthetic homogenization of girls, the midlife disappearance of women from the algorithmic eye. She makes the case that "more women in tech" is necessary but not sufficient, that audit alone will not change the incentives, and that the next wave's task is to define what feminist organizing looks like when the institutions you are arguing with are not, in the conventional sense, institutions at all.
The final chapters offer practical guidance: for individual women living inside the algorithmic patriarchy, for the movements and institutions building what comes next, and for the world a daughter raised in 2026 will inherit.
For readers of *Invisible Women*, *Algorithms of Oppression*, *Weapons of Math Destruction*, *Unmasking AI*, *Race After Technology*, and *We Should All Be Feminists* - written from the moment generative AI became part of daily life, before the long-term consequences have caught up to the deployment.
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