This Reprint provides an overview of current research on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), two prevalent conditions affecting the masticatory system. The articles highlight the multifactorial nature of these disorders and the importance of the biopsychosocial model in diagnosis and management. Topics include psychological influences on pain, occlusal and parafunctional factors, sleep disturbances, genetic and environmental determinants, and advances in understanding disease mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to modern diagnostic methods, including surface electromyography, ultrasonography, elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging, which enhance diagnostic accuracy and support individualized treatment planning. The Reprint also discusses contemporary therapeutic approaches, ranging from conservative and minimally invasive interventions to surgical management, emphasizing evidence-based and patient-centered care. Additional contributions address emerging biomarkers, sex-related differences, comorbid conditions such as tinnitus, and lifestyle factors that may influence disease progression. Together, these articles summarize recent scientific advances, identify ongoing challenges, and highlight future research directions for improving prevention, diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and quality of life for patients with bruxism and TMDs.
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