Written for mathematicians working with the theory of graph spectra, this book explores more than 400 inequalities for eigenvalues of the six matrices associated with finite simple graphs: the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, Seidel matrix, and distance matrix. The book begins with a brief survey of the main results and selected applications to related topics, including chemistry, physics, biology, computer science, and control theory. The author then proceeds to detail proofs, discussions, comparisons, examples, and exercises. Each chapter ends with a brief survey of further results. The author also points to open problems and gives ideas for further reading.
D-module theory is essentially the algebraic study of systems of linear partial differential equations. This book, the first devoted specifically to holonomic D-modules, provides a unified treatment of both regular and irregular D-modules. The authors begin by recalling the main results of the theory of indsheaves and subanalytic sheaves, explaining in detail the operations on D-modules and their tempered holomorphic solutions. As an application, they obtain the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence for regular holonomic D-modules. In the second part of the book the authors do the same for the sheaf of enhanced tempered solutions of (not necessarily regular) holonomic D-modules. Originating from a series of lectures given at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Paris, this book is addressed to graduate students and researchers familiar with the language of sheaves and D-modules, in the derived sense.
This in-depth coverage of important areas of graph theory maintains a focus on symmetry properties of graphs. Standard topics on graph automorphisms are presented early on, while in later chapters more specialised topics are tackled, such as graphical regular representations and pseudosimilarity. The final four chapters are devoted to the reconstruction problem, and here special emphasis is given to those results that involve the symmetry of graphs, many of which are not to be found in other books. This second edition expands on several of the topics found in the first edition and includes both an enriched bibliography and a wide collection of exercises. Clearer proofs are provided, as are new examples of graphs with interesting symmetry properties. Any student who masters the contents of this book will be well prepared for current research in many aspects of the theory of graph automorphisms and the reconstruction problem.
This volume takes its name from a popular series of intensive mathematics workshops hosted at institutions in Appalachia and surrounding areas. At these meetings, internationally prominent set theorists give one-day lectures that focus on important new directions, methods, tools and results so that non-experts can begin to master these and incorporate them into their own research. Each chapter in this volume was written by the workshop leaders in collaboration with select student participants, and together they represent most of the meetings from the period 2006–2012. Topics covered include forcing and large cardinals, descriptive set theory, and applications of set theoretic ideas in group theory and analysis, making this volume essential reading for a wide range of researchers and graduate students.
Number theory currently has at least three different perspectives on non-abelian phenomena: the Langlands programme, non-commutative Iwasawa theory and anabelian geometry. In the second half of 2009, experts from each of these three areas gathered at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge to explain the latest advances in their research and to investigate possible avenues of future investigation and collaboration. For those in attendance, the overwhelming impression was that number theory is going through a tumultuous period of theory-building and experimentation analogous to the late 19th century, when many different special reciprocity laws of abelian class field theory were formulated before knowledge of the Artin–Takagi theory. Non-abelian Fundamental Groups and Iwasawa Theory presents the state of the art in theorems, conjectures and speculations that point the way towards a new synthesis, an as-yet-undiscovered unified theory of non-abelian arithmetic geometry.
This collection of expository articles by a range of established experts and newer researchers provides an overview of the recent developments in the theory of locally compact groups. It includes introductory articles on totally disconnected locally compact groups, profinite groups, p-adic Lie groups and the metric geometry of locally compact groups. Concrete examples, including groups acting on trees and Neretin groups, are discussed in detail. An outline of the emerging structure theory of locally compact groups beyond the connected case is presented through three complementary approaches: Willis' theory of the scale function, global decompositions by means of subnormal series, and the local approach relying on the structure lattice. An introduction to lattices, invariant random subgroups and L2-invariants, and a brief account of the Burger–Mozes construction of simple lattices are also included. A final chapter collects various problems suggesting future research directions.
The theory of Schur–Weyl duality has had a profound influence over many areas of algebra and combinatorics. This text is original in two respects: it discusses affine q-Schur algebras and presents an algebraic, as opposed to geometric, approach to affine quantum Schur–Weyl theory. To begin, various algebraic structures are discussed, including double Ringel–Hall algebras of cyclic quivers and their quantum loop algebra interpretation. The rest of the book investigates the affine quantum Schur–Weyl duality on three levels. This includes the affine quantum Schur–Weyl reciprocity, the bridging role of affine q-Schur algebras between representations of the quantum loop algebras and those of the corresponding affine Hecke algebras, presentation of affine quantum Schur algebras and the realisation conjecture for the double Ringel–Hall algebra with a proof of the classical case. This text is ideal for researchers in algebra and graduate students who want to master Ringel–Hall algebras and Sch
Moduli theory is the study of how objects, typically in algebraic geometry but sometimes in other areas of mathematics, vary in families and is fundamental to an understanding of the objects themselves. First formalised in the 1960s, it represents a significant topic of modern mathematical research with strong connections to many areas of mathematics (including geometry, topology and number theory) and other disciplines such as theoretical physics. This book, which arose from a programme at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, is an ideal way for graduate students and more experienced researchers to become acquainted with the wealth of ideas and problems in moduli theory and related areas. The reader will find articles on both fundamental material and cutting-edge research topics, such as: algebraic stacks; BPS states and the P = W conjecture; stability conditions; derived differential geometry; and counting curves in algebraic varieties, all written by leading experts.
This a comprehensive modern account of the theory of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids, and their importance in differential geometry, in particular their relations with Poisson geometry and general connection theory. It covers much work done since the mid 1980s including the first treatment in book form of Poisson groupoids, Lie bialgebroids and double vector bundles, as well as a revised account of the relations between locally trivial Lie groupoids, Atiyah sequences, and connections in principal bundles. As such, this book will be of great interest to all those concerned with the use of Poisson geometry as a semi-classical limit of quantum geometry, as well as to all those working in or wishing to learn the modern theory of Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids.
Since its genesis in the early 1980s, the subject of quantum groups has grown rapidly. By the late 1990s most of the foundational issues had been resolved and many of the outstanding problems clearly formulated. To take stock and to discuss the most fruitful directions for future research many of the world's leading figures in this area met at the Durham Symposium on Quantum Groups in the summer of 1999, and this volume provides an excellent overview of the material presented there. It includes important surveys of both cyclotomic Hecke algebras and the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation. Plus contributions which treat the construction and classification of quantum groups or the associated solutions of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation. The representation theory of quantum groups is discussed, as is the function algebra approach to quantum groups, and there is a new look at the origins of quantum groups in the theory of integrable systems.
This book provides a self-contained introduction to quantum groups as algebraic objects. Based on the author's lecture notes from a Part III pure mathematics course at Cambridge University, it is suitable for use as a textbook for graduate courses in quantum groups or as a supplement to modern courses in advanced algebra. The book assumes a background knowledge of basic algebra and linear algebra. Some familiarity with semisimple Lie algebras would also be helpful. The book is aimed as a primer for mathematicians and takes a modern approach leading into knot theory, braided categories and noncommutative differential geometry. It should also be useful for mathematical physicists.
This book, first published in 2001, focuses on Poincaré, Nash and other Sobolev-type inequalities and their applications to the Laplace and heat diffusion equations on Riemannian manifolds. Applications covered include the ultracontractivity of the heat diffusion semigroup, Gaussian heat kernel bounds, the Rozenblum-Lieb-Cwikel inequality and elliptic and parabolic Harnack inequalities. Emphasis is placed on the role of families of local Poincaré and Sobolev inequalities. The text provides the first self contained account of the equivalence between the uniform parabolic Harnack inequality, on the one hand, and the conjunction of the doubling volume property and Poincaré's inequality on the other. It is suitable to be used as an advanced graduate textbook and will also be a useful source of information for graduate students and researchers in analysis on manifolds, geometric differential equations, Brownian motion and diffusion on manifolds, as well as other related areas.
The Society for the Foundations of Computational Mathematics supports fundamental research in a wide spectrum of computational mathematics and its application areas. As part of its endeavour to promote research in computational mathematics, the society regularly organises conferences and workshops which bring together leading researchers in the diverse fields impinging on all aspects of computation. This book presents thirteen papers written by plenary speakers from the 1999 conference, all of whom are the foremost figures in their respective fields. Topics covered include complexity theory, approximation theory, optimisation, computational geometry, stochastic systems and the computation of partial differential equations. The wide range of topics covered illustrates the diversity of contemporary computational mathematics and the intricate web of its interaction with pure mathematics and application areas. This book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in all areas
This introduction to commutative algebra gives an account of some general properties of rings and modules, with their applications to number theory and geometry. It assumes only that the reader has completed an undergraduate algebra course. The fresh approach and simplicity of proof enable a large amount of material to be covered; exercises and examples are included throughout the notes.
As a result of the work of the nineteenth-century mathematician Arthur Cayley, algebraists and geometers have extensively studied permutation of sets. In the special case that the underlying set is linearly ordered, there is a natural subgroup to study, namely the set of permutations that preserves that order. In some senses. these are universal for automorphisms of models of theories. The purpose of this book is to make a thorough, comprehensive examination of these groups of permutations. After providing the initial background Professor Glass develops the general structure theory, emphasizing throughout the geometric and intuitive aspects of the subject. He includes many applications to infinite simple groups, ordered permutation groups and lattice-ordered groups. The streamlined approach will enable the beginning graduate student to reach the frontiers of the subject smoothly and quickly. Indeed much of the material included has never been available in book form before, so this acco
