Python machine learning

The synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the future of technology and opening a world of unprecedented possibilities. Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT): Current and Future Trends brings together researchers and developers from a wide range of domains to share with readers their ideas about how to implement technical advances, application areas for intelligent systems, and development of new services and smart devices connected to the Internet through a variety of wireless technologies. Parallel to this, new capabilities such as pervasive sensing, multimedia sensing, machine learning, deep learning, and computing power are opening the way to new domains, services, and business models beyond the traditional mobile Internet. These new areas in turn come with various requirements in terms of reliability, quality of service, and energy efficiency. In Artificial Intelligence of Things readers learn about the challenges and requiremen

Data Science for COVID-19, Volume 2: Societal and Medical Perspectives presents the most current and leading-edge research into the applications of a variety of data science techniques to the detection, mitigation, treatment, and elimination of the COVID-19 virus around the world. At this point, Cognitive Data Science is the most powerful tool for researchers to fight COVID-19. Thanks to instant data-analysis and predictive techniques including Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Data Mining, and computational modeling for processing large amounts of data, recognizing patterns, modeling new techniques, and improving both research and treatment outcomes. Data Science for COVID-19, Volume 2 extends the coverage of Volume 1 into research on statistical data and applications of Data Science to a variety of perspectives for analysis and understanding of the wide variety of impacts COVID-19 is having on societies and medical practice around the world.

This friendly guide is the companion you need to convert pure mathematics into understanding and facility with a host of probabilistic tools. The book provides a high-level view of probability and its most powerful applications. It begins with the basic rules of probability and quickly progresses to some of the most sophisticated modern techniques in use, including Kalman filters, Monte Carlo techniques, machine learning methods, Bayesian inference and stochastic processes. It draws on thirty years of experience in applying probabilistic methods to problems in computational science and engineering, and numerous practical examples illustrate where these techniques are used in the real world. Topics of discussion range from carbon dating to Wasserstein GANs, one of the most recent developments in Deep Learning. The underlying mathematics is presented in full, but clarity takes priority over complete rigour, making this text a starting reference source for researchers and a readable overv

This friendly guide is the companion you need to convert pure mathematics into understanding and facility with a host of probabilistic tools. The book provides a high-level view of probability and its most powerful applications. It begins with the basic rules of probability and quickly progresses to some of the most sophisticated modern techniques in use, including Kalman filters, Monte Carlo techniques, machine learning methods, Bayesian inference and stochastic processes. It draws on thirty years of experience in applying probabilistic methods to problems in computational science and engineering, and numerous practical examples illustrate where these techniques are used in the real world. Topics of discussion range from carbon dating to Wasserstein GANs, one of the most recent developments in Deep Learning. The underlying mathematics is presented in full, but clarity takes priority over complete rigour, making this text a starting reference source for researchers and a readable overv

'Big data' poses challenges that require both classical multivariate methods and contemporary techniques from machine learning and engineering. This modern text equips you for the new world - integrating the old and the new, fusing theory and practice and bridging the gap to statistical learning. The theoretical framework includes formal statements that set out clearly the guaranteed 'safe operating zone' for the methods and allow you to assess whether data is in the zone, or near enough. Extensive examples showcase the strengths and limitations of different methods with small classical data, data from medicine, biology, marketing and finance, high-dimensional data from bioinformatics, functional data from proteomics, and simulated data. High-dimension low-sample-size data gets special attention. Several data sets are revisited repeatedly to allow comparison of methods. Generous use of colour, algorithms, Matlab code, and problem sets complete the package. Suitable for master's/graduat

'What's going to happen next?' Time series data hold the answers, and Bayesian methods represent the cutting edge in learning what they have to say. This ambitious book is the first unified treatment of the emerging knowledge-base in Bayesian time series techniques. Exploiting the unifying framework of probabilistic graphical models, the book covers approximation schemes, both Monte Carlo and deterministic, and introduces switching, multi-object, non-parametric and agent-based models in a variety of application environments. It demonstrates that the basic framework supports the rapid creation of models tailored to specific applications and gives insight into the computational complexity of their implementation. The authors span traditional disciplines such as statistics and engineering and the more recently established areas of machine learning and pattern recognition. Readers with a basic understanding of applied probability, but no experience with time series analysis, are guided fro

Short of inventing a time machine, we will never see our extinct forebears in action and be able to determine directly how human behaviour and culture has developed. However, we can learn from our closest living relatives, the African great apes. The Cultured Chimpanzee explores the astonishing variation in chimpanzee behaviour across their range, which cannot be explained by individual learning, genetic or environmental influences. It promotes the view that this rich diversity in social life and material culture reflects social learning of traditions, and more closely resembles cultural variety in humans than the simpler behaviour of other animal species. This stimulating book shows that the field of cultural primatology may therefore help us to reconstruct the cultural evolution of Homo sapiens from earlier forms, and that it is essential for anthropologists, archaeologists and zoologists to work together to develop a stronger understanding of human and primate cultural evolution.

Pete the Cat helps the Wright brothers build their first flying machine in this historical fiction Level 1 I Can Read from New York Times bestselling creators Kimberly and James Dean. When Pete the Cat learns that the Wright brothers' flying machine can’t fly without the wind, he has an idea. What if it didn’t need wind to fly? Together, the cats invent the perfect solution. Pete may even get the chance to fly! This early reader includes an author’s note about the real life Wright brothers and the true story of the first flight. Find out in this Level 1 I Can Read book complete with original illustrations from the creators of Pete the Cat, Kimberly and James Dean. Pete the Cat and the Wright Brothers is perfect for children learning to sound out words and sentences. Whether shared at home or in a classroom, the short sentences, familiar words, and simple concepts of Level One books support success for children eager to start reading on their own.

This new volume addresses the growing interest in and use of big data analytics in many industries and in many research fields around the globe; it is a comprehensive resource on the core concepts of big data analytics and the tools, techniques, and methodologies. The book gives the why and the how of big data analytics in an organized and straightforward manner, using both theoretical and practical approaches.The book's authors have organized the contents in a systematic manner, starting with an introduction and overview of big data analytics and then delving into pre-processing methods, feature selection methods and algorithms, big data streams, and big data classification. Such terms and methods as swarm intelligence, data mining, the bat algorithm and genetic algorithms, big data streams, and many more are discussed. The authors explain how deep learning and machine learning along with other methods and tools are applied in big data analytics. The last section of the book presents

Twins Scarlett and Thomas have been learning about the Maya at school. They even had a go at making hot chocolate from cacao beans. When Grandad falls ill, the twins know what the perfect cure will be – hot chocolate! They nervously borrow Grandad’s time machine and travel back to the time of the Mayas. Scarlett pretends to be a god, and gets taken in by the royal family. Thomas is not quite so lucky, and ends up playing for his life in a brutal Mayan ball game. Watch out, Thomas, if you lose, you might be sacrificed to the gods! How far would you go to find the best hot chocolate?

Providing a detailed and pedagogical account of the rapidly-growing field of computational statistical physics, this book covers both the theoretical foundations of equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics, and also modern, computational applications such as percolation, random walks, magnetic systems, machine learning dynamics, and spreading processes on complex networks. A detailed discussion of molecular dynamics simulations is also included, a topic of great importance in biophysics and physical chemistry. The accessible and self-contained approach adopted by the authors makes this book suitable for teaching courses at graduate level, and numerous worked examples and end of chapter problems allow students to test their progress and understanding.

Operations Research uses a balanced combination of theory, applications and computations to help you learn the basics of operating research (OR). It focuses on algorithmic and practical implementation of OR techniques. Easy-to-understand numerical examples explain often difficult math concepts, helping you grasp the foundational idea without getting stuck on complex theorems or notations. Full case studies and math-free anecdotes show how algorithms are used in real-life applications.The 11th Edition introduces analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning topics that strengthen and streamline the decision-making processes involved in OR. New stories, 3 new chapters, new case studies and sections provide an up-to-date introduction to the field of OR.

Dealing with all aspects of Monte Carlo simulation of complex physical systems encountered in condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics, this book provides an introduction to computer simulations in physics. The 5th edition contains extensive new material describing numerous powerful algorithms and methods that represent recent developments in the field. New topics such as active matter and machine learning are also introduced. Throughout, there are many applications, examples, recipes, case studies, and exercises to help the reader fully comprehend the material. This book is ideal for graduate students and researchers, both in academia and industry, who want to learn techniques that have become a third tool of physical science, complementing experiment and analytical theory.

What does a probabilistic program actually compute? How can one formally reason about such probabilistic programs? This valuable guide covers such elementary questions and more. It provides a state-of-the-art overview of the theoretical underpinnings of modern probabilistic programming and their applications in machine learning, security, and other domains, at a level suitable for graduate students and non-experts in the field. In addition, the book treats the connection between probabilistic programs and mathematical logic, security (what is the probability that software leaks confidential information?), and presents three programming languages for different applications: Excel tables, program testing, and approximate computing. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

The tenth edition of Operating System Concepts has been revised to keep it fresh and up-to-date with contemporary examples of how operating systems function, and to improve learning and the student's experience with the material. It combines instruction on concepts with real-world applications so that students can understand the practical usage of the content. End-of-chapter practice exercises help to further reinforce important concepts.Each chapter also includes homework exercises and additional suggested readings on core topics. The text provides several example programs written in C and Java for use in several programming environments and a Linux Virtual Machine that can be run on Windows 10, Linux, or macOS.

終身機器學習（Lifelong Machine Learning）第二版是對高級機器學習範式的介紹，通過積累過去的知識持續地學習，並將所學到的知識用於幫助未來的學習和問題解決。本書適用於對機器學習、數據挖掘、自然語言處理或模式識別感興趣的學生、研究人員和從業人員。講師隨時可以在任何這些相關領域的課程中使用本書。

Discover two sides of history with the Time Travel Twins!Twins, Scarlett and Thomas, are learning about the Romans at school. So Grandad uses his time machine to send them back to Roman Britain.Scarlett finds herself in a Roman camp and is chosen as a slave by the Emperor Claudius’s daughter, Antonia. The two become friends and Scarlett sees first hand the glamour and treachery of the Roman court.Thomas joins a rabble of local kids who hate the Romans. Their leader is a small red-headed girl called Boudicca. Even when the kids are overwhelmed and taken as slaves, Bou hatches another plan to attack the Romans.Will the twins find each other and escape, or will they both be stuck as Roman slaves for ever?

The first book on 6G wireless presents an overall vision for 6G - an era of intelligence-of-everything - with drivers, key capabilities, use cases, KPIs, and the technology innovations that will shape it. These innovations include immersive human-centric communication, sensing, localization, and imaging, connected machine learning and networked AI, Industry 4.0 and beyond with connected intelligence, smart cities and life, and the satellite mega-constellation for 3D full-Earth wireless coverage. Also covered are new air-interface and networking technologies, integrated sensing and communications, and integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks. In addition, novel network architectures to enable network AI, user centric networks, native trustworthiness are discussed. Essential reading for researchers in academia and industry working on B5G wireless communications.

Greatly expanded, this new edition requires only an elementary background in discrete mathematics and offers a comprehensive introduction to the role of randomization and probabilistic techniques in modern computer science. Newly added chapters and sections cover topics including normal distributions, sample complexity, VC dimension, Rademacher complexity, power laws and related distributions, cuckoo hashing, and the Lovasz Local Lemma. Material relevant to machine learning and big data analysis enables students to learn modern techniques and applications. Among the many new exercises and examples are programming-related exercises that provide students with excellent training in solving relevant problems. This book provides an indispensable teaching tool to accompany a one- or two-semester course for advanced undergraduate students in computer science and applied mathematics.

Reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces have developed into an important tool in many areas, especially statistics and machine learning, and they play a valuable role in complex analysis, probability, group representation theory, and the theory of integral operators. This unique text offers a unified overview of the topic, providing detailed examples of applications, as well as covering the fundamental underlying theory, including chapters on interpolation and approximation, Cholesky and Schur operations on kernels, and vector-valued spaces. Self-contained and accessibly written, with exercises at the end of each chapter, this unrivalled treatment of the topic serves as an ideal introduction for graduate students across mathematics, computer science, and engineering, as well as a useful reference for researchers working in functional analysis or its applications.

★☆★ AI 影像辨識一本精通！ ★☆★ ★☆★ 超過 200 個完整範例程式碼 ★☆★ AI 影像辨識是近年來非常夯的議題，隨著資訊科技的蓬勃發展，越來越多好用的工具推陳出新，也越來越容易跨入 AI 影像辨識領域，不論是電子、資訊領域、醫療、百貨，各行各業中陸續都能看到 AI 影像辨識的應用。 Python 是目前入門 AI 影像辨識最快速的程式語言，透過 Python 的 OpenCV 函式庫，並搭配其他方便的函式庫，就能輕鬆入門 AI 影像辨識，OpenCV 除了能針對影像進行全面的處理，也是大多數 AI 影像辨識的敲門磚，常應用於擴增實境、臉部辨識、手勢辨識、動作辨識、運動跟蹤、物體辨識或圖像分割...等領域。 本書會從 OpenCV 出發，從 OpenCV 最基本的存取圖片影片，影像色彩、影像剪裁、影像變形、加入文字、繪圖、影像效果進階處理都有完整介紹，並會介紹 OpenCV 內建的影像辨識方法、Google MediaPipe 的影像辨識方法和 Teachable Machine 影像辨識方法進行 AI 影像辨識，作出許多有趣又實用的影像辨識相關應用。 【精彩收錄】 ▶ OpenCV 深入介紹 ▶ OpenCV 影像色彩調整和轉換 ▶ OpenCV 影像剪裁、變形、加入文字和繪圖 ▶ OpenCV 影像效果進階處理 ▶ OpenCV 偵測滑鼠和鍵盤 ▶ OpenCV 人臉、物件、顏色等影像辨識 ▶ MediaPipe 人臉、姿勢、手勢等影像辨識 ▶ Teachable Machine 人臉、戴口罩等影像辨識 ▶ 辨識手寫數字、年齡、情緒

This monograph presents a visually striking exploration of Refik Anadol’s data-driven installation, created for the opening of the new BRUSK museum in Bruges. The book offers exclusive visuals and reflections on the intersection of art, technology, and memory in Anadol’s work.Working at the intersection of art, science, and technology, Refik Anadol is best known for his large-scale immersive installations and public artworks that use machine learning, AI, and big data to visualize complex systems. Anadol’s work transforms raw data – ranging from urban landscapes to brainwaves – into dynamic, multi-sensory experiences, pushing the boundaries of how we perceive space, memory, and reality.For the inaugural programme at BRUSK, the new museum for contemporary art in Bruges, Belgium, Anadol presents a major site-specific installation that immerses visitors in a datadriven landscape unique to the city.

機器學習(Machine Learning，ML)是人工智能的一個分支，它是一門多領域交叉學科，專門研究計算機怎樣模擬或實現人類的學習行為，涉及概率論、統計學、逼近論、凸分析、算法複雜度理論等多門學科。機器學習方法可以根據經驗數據自動完成模型參數學習，而不需要人為設定規則，大幅降低了人工分析的工作量和難度，已成為目前解決人工智能相關問題的主要方式。

In the last few years, Algorithms for Convex Optimization have revolutionized algorithm design, both for discrete and continuous optimization problems. For problems like maximum flow, maximum matching, and submodular function minimization, the fastest algorithms involve essential methods such as gradient descent, mirror descent, interior point methods, and ellipsoid methods. The goal of this self-contained book is to enable researchers and professionals in computer science, data science, and machine learning to gain an in-depth understanding of these algorithms. The text emphasizes how to derive key algorithms for convex optimization from first principles and how to establish precise running time bounds. This modern text explains the success of these algorithms in problems of discrete optimization, as well as how these methods have significantly pushed the state of the art of convex optimization itself.

In the last few years, Algorithms for Convex Optimization have revolutionized algorithm design, both for discrete and continuous optimization problems. For problems like maximum flow, maximum matching, and submodular function minimization, the fastest algorithms involve essential methods such as gradient descent, mirror descent, interior point methods, and ellipsoid methods. The goal of this self-contained book is to enable researchers and professionals in computer science, data science, and machine learning to gain an in-depth understanding of these algorithms. The text emphasizes how to derive key algorithms for convex optimization from first principles and how to establish precise running time bounds. This modern text explains the success of these algorithms in problems of discrete optimization, as well as how these methods have significantly pushed the state of the art of convex optimization itself.

Mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder are common mental illnesses, affecting millions of patients worldwide. The application of newly available brain imaging methods to the study of mood disorders holds substantial promise in uncovering the brain mechanisms affected in these illnesses. This comprehensive and authoritative text features contributions from leading international experts, providing easily accessible information on the study of the brain mechanisms involved in the causation of mood disorders and the available treatments. Topics covered include the potential of magnetoencephalography (MEG), neuroimaging brain inflammation in depression, electrophysiology studies in mood disorders, and the applications of machine learning, filling an important gap in available neuropsychiatric literature and highlighting new developments. An invaluable resource for practitioners in the fields of psychiatry, neurology, primary care medicine, and related mental health professio

This book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinic

This book integrates philosophy of science, data acquisition methods, and statistical modeling techniques to present readers with a forward-thinking perspective on clinical science. It reviews modern research practices in clinical psychology that support the goals of psychological science, study designs that promote good research, and quantitative methods that can test specific scientific questions. It covers new themes in research including intensive longitudinal designs, neurobiology, developmental psychopathology, and advanced computational methods such as machine learning. Core chapters examine significant statistical topics, for example missing data, causality, meta-analysis, latent variable analysis, and dyadic data analysis. A balanced overview of observational and experimental designs is also supplied, including preclinical research and intervention science. This is a foundational resource that supports the methodological training of the current and future generations of clinic

本書基於Azure Machine Learning Studio探討了現代數據科學算法的背景、理論和實際應用。 全書共8章。第1章描述了在數據科學領域，Azure機器學習如何通過實現完全託管的數據科學雲服務邁出預測分析解決方案的關鍵一步；第2章講解預測分析科學和方法論的基本概念；第3章探討Azure ML Studio的基本原理；第4章基於一個實用的Azure機器學習預測模型，探討可以用來調用A

This groundbreaking textbook combines straightforward explanations with a wealth of practical examples to offer an innovative approach to teaching linear algebra. Requiring no prior knowledge of the subject, it covers the aspects of linear algebra - vectors, matrices, and least squares - that are needed for engineering applications, discussing examples across data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, signal and image processing, tomography, navigation, control, and finance. The numerous practical exercises throughout allow students to test their understanding and translate their knowledge into solving real-world problems, with lecture slides, additional computational exercises in Julia and MATLAB®, and data sets accompanying the book online. Suitable for both one-semester and one-quarter courses, as well as self-study, this self-contained text provides beginning students with the foundation they need to progress to more advanced study.

A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding bot

An empirical study and analysis of heart disease prediction involves using data analysis techniques to identify patterns and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. This approach utilizes machine learning algorithms to classify patients based on their likelihood of developing heart disease.The study involves collecting data on risk factors such as age, gender, family history, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking, and diabetes. Feature selection techniques are used to identify the most important risk factors, and a classification model is trained using these factors. The accuracy of the model is evaluated using metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, and AUC.This empirical study and analysis has several advantages, including the ability to identify new risk factors associated with heart disease, improved accuracy in predicting cardiovascular risk, and the potential to develop more personalized prevention and treatment strategies. This approach has the potential to

Providing a concise and accessible overview of the design, implementation and management of medical software, this textbook will equip students with a solid understanding of critical considerations for both standalone medical software (software as a medical device/SaMD) and software that is integrated into hardware devices. It includes: practical discussion of key regulatory documents and industry standards, and how these translate into concrete considerations for medical software design; detailed coverage of the medical software lifecycle process ; accessible introduction to quality and risk management systems in the context of medical software; succinct coverage of essential topics in data science, machine learning, statistics, cybersecurity, software engineering and healthcare bring readers up-to-speed; six cautionary real-world case studies illustrate the dangers of improper or careless software processes. Accompanied by online resources for instructors, this is the ideal introduct

The dramatic increase in computer performance has been extraordinary, but not for all computations: it has key limits and structure. Software architects, developers, and even data scientists need to understand how exploit the fundamental structure of computer performance to harness it for future applications. Ideal for upper level undergraduates, Computer Architecture for Scientists covers four key pillars of computer performance and imparts a high-level basis for reasoning with and understanding these concepts: Small is fast – how size scaling drives performance; Implicit parallelism – how a sequential program can be executed faster with parallelism; Dynamic locality – skirting physical limits, by arranging data in a smaller space; Parallelism – increasing performance with teams of workers. These principles and models provide approachable high-level insights and quantitative modelling without distracting low-level detail. Finally, the text covers the GPU and machine-learning accelerat

An intuitive and accessible text explaining the fundamentals and applications of graph signal processing. Requiring only an elementary understanding of linear algebra, it covers both basic and advanced topics, including node domain processing, graph signal frequency, sampling, and graph signal representations, as well as how to choose a graph. Understand the basic insights behind key concepts and learn how graphs can be associated to a range of specific applications across physical, biological and social networks, distributed sensor networks, image and video processing, and machine learning. With numerous exercises and Matlab examples to help put knowledge into practice, and a solutions manual available online for instructors, this unique text is essential reading for graduate and senior undergraduate students taking courses on graph signal processing, signal processing, information processing, and data analysis, as well as researchers and industry professionals.

Malicious hackers utilize the World Wide Web to share knowledge. Analyzing the online communication of these threat actors can help reduce the risk of attacks. This book shifts attention from the defender environment to the attacker environment, offering a new security paradigm of 'proactive cyber threat intelligence' that allows defenders of computer networks to gain a better understanding of their adversaries by analyzing assets, capabilities, and interest of malicious hackers. The authors propose models, techniques, and frameworks based on threat intelligence mined from the heart of the underground cyber world: the malicious hacker communities. They provide insights into the hackers themselves and the groups they form dynamically in the act of exchanging ideas and techniques, buying or selling malware, and exploits. The book covers both methodology - a hybridization of machine learning, artificial intelligence, and social network analysis methods - and the resulting conclusions, det

Covering both quantitative and qualitative methods, this book examines the breadth of modern market research methods for upper level students across business schools and social science faculties. Modern and trending topics including social networks, machine learning, big data, and artificial intelligence are addressed and real world examples and case studies illustrate the application of the methods. This text examines potential problems, such as researcher bias, and discusses effective solutions in the preparation of research reports and papers, and oral presentations. Assuming no prior knowledge of statistics or econometrics, discrete chapters offer a clear introduction to both, opening up the quantitative methods to all students. Each chapter contains rigorous academic theory, including a synthesis of the recent literature as well as key historical references, applied contextualization and recent research results, making it an excellent resource for practitioners. Online resources i

Imagine a world where machines can see and understand the world the way humans do. Rapid progress in artificial intelligence has led to smartphones that recognize faces, cars that detect pedestrians, and algorithms that suggest diagnoses from clinical images, among many other applications. The success of computer vision is founded on a deep understanding of the neural circuits in the brain responsible for visual processing. This book introduces the neuroscientific study of neuronal computations in visual cortex alongside of the psychological understanding of visual cognition and the burgeoning field of biologically-inspired artificial intelligence. Topics include the neurophysiological investigation of visual cortex, visual illusions, visual disorders, deep convolutional neural networks, machine learning, and generative adversarial networks among others. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers looking to build bridges across different approaches to studying and developing

Big Data and methods for analyzing large data sets such as machine learning have in recent times deeply transformed scientific practice in many fields. However, an epistemological study of these novel tools is still largely lacking. After a conceptual analysis of the notion of data and a brief introduction into the methodological dichotomy between inductivism and hypothetico-deductivism, several controversial theses regarding big data approaches are discussed. These include, whether correlation replaces causation, whether the end of theory is in sight and whether big data approaches constitute entirely novel scientific methodology. In this Element, I defend an inductivist view of big data research and argue that the type of induction employed by the most successful big data algorithms is variational induction in the tradition of Mill's methods. Based on this insight, the before-mentioned epistemological issues can be systematically addressed.

Imagine a world where machines can see and understand the world the way humans do. Rapid progress in artificial intelligence has led to smartphones that recognize faces, cars that detect pedestrians, and algorithms that suggest diagnoses from clinical images, among many other applications. The success of computer vision is founded on a deep understanding of the neural circuits in the brain responsible for visual processing. This book introduces the neuroscientific study of neuronal computations in visual cortex alongside of the psychological understanding of visual cognition and the burgeoning field of biologically-inspired artificial intelligence. Topics include the neurophysiological investigation of visual cortex, visual illusions, visual disorders, deep convolutional neural networks, machine learning, and generative adversarial networks among others. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers looking to build bridges across different approaches to studying and developing