Cairo Contested

Sustaining Landscapes: Governance and Ecology in Chinese Visual Culture, 960–1368 CE examines ecological thought contested amid the rise of the Chinese landscape genre, tracing its intersections with infrastructure governance, natural resource management, and geospatial knowledge. It traces the pre-industrial notion of “sustainability” in policy debates, legal regulations, and arts. Landscape imagery on paintings, maps, as well as mass-produced artifacts such as fans and ceramic pillows documented both appropriate and exploitative use of natural resources, and critiqued on social inequity and political turmoil. This book breaks new ground by bringing together research on visual and material culture with analysis of politics and ecology. Wang argues that the Chinese landscape genre embodied a holistic approach to negotiating debates on human-nature interdependence and people-state relationships. It joins the increasing literature on ecocriticism and offers alternative perspectives to ad

This book describes and analyses the role of the public sector in the often-charged political atmosphere of post-1997 Hong Kong. In this second edition, Ian Scott explores public sector accountability in terms of Hong Kong’s constitutional framework and the structure, functions, and personnel policies of its civil service system. He examines critical issues facing the administration of the public sector and the formulation and implementation of public policy with particular attention to the political challenges confronting the Hong Kong government over the past decade. A concluding chapter assesses how contested values in a changing political environment have affected the public sector in recent years. This edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest statistics and research, including Scott’s work in such areas as integrity management, corruption prevention, and policing. This book is an essential resource for scholars and students of public administration and public poli

The origins of modern Daoism can be traced to the Church of the Heavenly Master (Tianshidao), reputedly established by the formidable Zhang Daoling. In 142 CE, according to Daoist tradition, Zhang was visited by the Lord on High, who named him his vicar on Earth with the title Heavenly Master. The dispensation articulated an eschatological vision of saving initiates—the pure, those destined to become immortals— by enforcing a strict moral code. Under evolving forms, Tianshidao has remained central to Chinese society, and Daoist priests have upheld their spiritual allegiance to Zhang, their now divinized founder. This book tells the story of the longue durée evolution of the Heavenly Master leadership and institution. Later hagiography credits Zhang Daoling’s great-grandson, putatively the fourth Heavenly Master, with settling the family at Longhushan (Dragon and Tiger Mountain); in time his descendants—down to the present contested sixty-fifth Heavenly Master living in Taiwan— made th

Utopia and Utopianism in the Contemporary Chinese Context: Texts, Ideas, Spaces decisively demonstrates the extent to which utopianism has shaped political thought, cultural imaginaries, and social engagement after it was introduced into the Chinese context in the nineteenth century. In fact, pursuit of utopia has often led to action—such as the Chinese Revolution and the Umbrella Movement—and contested consequences. Covering a time span that goes from the late Qing to our days, the authors show that few ideas have been as influencing as utopia, which has compellingly shaped the imaginaries that underpin China’s historical change. Utopianism contributed to the formation of the Chinese state itself—shaping the thought of key figures of the late Qing and early Republican eras such as Kang Youwei and Sun Yat-sen—and outlived the labyrinthine debates of the second half of the twentieth century, both under Mao’s rule and during the post-socialist era. Even in the current times of dystopian

中華民國外交部網站在「臺灣的國際法地位」一文中指出，1943年12月1日，中、美、英三國發表《開羅宣言》（Cairo Declaration），具體要求戰後日本「須將竊自中國的東北四省、臺灣與澎湖歸還中華民國」。1945年7月26日，中、美、英三國領袖發布《波茲坦公告》（Potsdam Proclamation），其第8條重申「《開羅宣言》之條件必須貫徹實施」。1945年8月14日，日本接受《波茲坦公告》，宣布無條件投降，並於同年9月2日在美國密蘇里軍艦上簽署《日本降伏文書》（Japanese Instrument of Surrender）。該文書第1條中載明「茲接受美、中、英、蘇四國政府領袖於1945年7月26日於波茲坦所發表及所列舉之條款。換言之，《波茲坦公告》第8條有關《開羅宣言》之條件必須貫徹實施，係日本於《降伏文書》中所承諾之事項，日本當然必須履行，將東北四省、臺灣、澎湖歸還中華民國。 時間回到1943年11月，中華民國全體軍民，已經在戰火中奮鬥了六年餘。此時收到盟軍的訊息，將在遙遠的埃及開羅舉行中、美、英三國領袖會議，這是太平洋戰爭爆發、中國戰區成立、躍身「四強」之後，首次的世界級外交場合。儘管日軍的攻勢並沒有停歇，常德會戰開打，國軍第七十四軍第五十七師八千餘官兵，在師長余程萬的帶領下死守湖南常德，力拼一場東方的史達林格勒之役。 國民政府主席蔣中正與夫人宋美齡女士在國內戰雲密布之際，率領中國代表團，一行共十八人，飛越駝峰航線，途經印度，輾轉前往開羅。會議於11月22日召開，26日落幕，12月1日公報發布，也就是我們現在所稱的《開羅宣言》。 五天的密集討論，大小會談，還包括歡迎宴會與拜訪等等行程，究竟三國代表團之間有什麼樣的互動？就政治、軍事、經濟問題商談了什麼？公報的定案版本又是如何產生的？除了侍從室祕書人員幫蔣中正留下的紀錄以外，本書蒐集了代表團十六位團員中十一位的返國報告，見證了開羅會議舉行的過程。 值得特別提出的是，蔣中正的英文並不好，因此在外交場合中，身體微恙的宋美齡女士就扮演了極為重要的角色，除了肩任部分的翻譯工作之外，與羅斯福、邱吉爾兩位領袖的斡旋，更是辛勞備極。 在開羅會議結束，代表團一行返回重慶，蔣中正掛念心中的，便是常德會戰的戰情。因為國軍的勝敗，是國力的象徵，影響及於這場三國領袖會議的談判籌碼與發言空間。在劃時代