Introduction to Computing

Robert Grant Watson was a British diplomat attached to the British Legation in Persia. His A History of Persia, published in 1866, is a detailed account of events in the country in the first half of the nineteenth century, when the foundations of the Qajar dynasty were being laid. Watson uses both European and Persian sources to detail the circumstances of the Qajar rise to rule and recount the tumultuous events of Persia affairs – both foreign and domestic – between 1800 and 1860. This was one of the first books to be written on this specific period and details Persia’s entanglements with European powers, including the war between Persia and Russia, her internal ructions, and the complex dealings of the various treaties and their upsets. The hard-to-find volume is now re-published with a new introduction by the leading scholar of Iranian History, Ali Ansari, who is Professor at St Andrews University in the U.K.

Discover unique destinations and take your vacation plans to the next level with these travel ideas from the official companion to the blockbuster reality show, The Amazing Race.For more than twenty years, The Amazing Race has introduced viewers to unique travel destinations in ninety-two countries across the globe. Pairing challenges with cultural touchpoints of the locations visited, The Amazing Race averages 10 million viewers per season.This fanbook-meets-travel guide will cover six continents and thirty-two countries, including activities and places to visit at each destination. In addition to region-specific recommendations of destinations and activities from the show’s history, The Official Amazing Race Travel Companion will feature:-A never-before-seen “behind the scenes” snapshot of how the show is made, who they hire, and how destinations are chosen-An introduction by Elise Doganieri and Bertram van Munster, cocreators of The Amazing Race-A foreword by host Phil Keoghan-And m

A compact, comprehensive guide to looking at stars and planets for readers from around the world.The clearest, most accessible guide to observing the night sky.Authoritative text, crystal-clear charts, and a systematic approach make the DK Handbook of Star and Planets the perfect beginner’s guide to the night sky. A highly visual introduction explains the basic concepts of astronomy and gives advice on the best methods and equipment for observation, including binoculars and telescopes. Each of the planets in the solar system is described and illustrated in detail, with images taken from space probes as well as from the ground, showing them as you can expect to see them. More than 160 star charts were made especially for this book by the Royal Greenwich Observatory. There is a separate, detailed chart for each of the 88 constellations, adding up to a complete atlas of the sky. The text for each constellation reveals its history and mythology and lists notable stars, galaxies, nebulae, a

An incredibly gripping true story of survival and the awe-inspiring power of companionship One of The Explorer's Club's 100 Best Books of the 20th Century Soon to be a Netflix feature film starring Emmy Award nominee Nikolaj Coster-Waldau (Game of Thrones) and Joe Cole (Peaky Blinders, Skins) Nikolaj Coster-Waldau, who co-adapted the book into a screenplay, provides a new introduction to this brand-new edition of the classic exploration memoir. Ejnar Mikkelsen was devoted to Arctic exploration. In 1910 he decided to search for the diaries of the ill-fated Mylius-Erichsen expedition, which had set out to prove that Robert Peary's outline of the East Greenland coast was a myth, erroneous and presumably self-serving. Iver Iversen was a mechanic who joined Mikkelsen in Iceland when the expedition's boat needed repair. Several months later, Mikkelsen and Iversen embarked on an incredible journey during which they would suffer every imaginable Arctic travail: implacable cold, scurvy, starvat

Over the past 25 years, there has been an explosion of interest in the area of random tilings. The first book devoted to the topic, this timely text describes the mathematical theory of tilings. It starts from the most basic questions (which planar domains are tileable?), before discussing advanced topics about the local structure of very large random tessellations. The author explains each feature of random tilings of large domains, discussing several different points of view and leading on to open problems in the field. The book is based on upper-division courses taught to a variety of students but it also serves as a self-contained introduction to the subject. Test your understanding with the exercises provided and discover connections to a wide variety of research areas in mathematics, theoretical physics, and computer science, such as conformal invariance, determinantal point processes, Gibbs measures, high-dimensional random sampling, symmetric functions, and variational problems

Help your child master Italian vocabulary - five words at a time! Learn 1000 Italian words over a year with this Italian workbook for beginners! It's an essential vocabulary builder for young children who are starting to learn their first Italian words. Discover the perfect introduction to Italian for children aged 6-9. It's the ultimate Italian lesson book for kids! It includes:- Beautifully illustrated scenes that teach and test five words at a time.New vocabulary is practised again at the end of each week in two pages of exercises- Clever flaps on the jacket that cover the scene so your child can practise what they have just learned- Uses the effective rote-learning method to teach new vocabulary- Teaches a range of nouns and verbs that are useful in everyday life; audio is available online and via a handy app to help with pronunciationLearning a foreign language is one of the best ways to develop your child's cognitive and language abilities. What's more, children gain insight into

As the founder of financial futures and initiator of Globex, the world's first global electronic trading system, Leo Melamed revolutionized the finance industry. Man of the Futures, his definitive memoir, recounts Melamed's journey from Holocaust survivor and accidental runner at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), to one of the most prominent leaders in the world of finance. At 33, Melamed gave up a promising law career to pursue his dream of becoming a full-time pit-trader at the CME. He quickly ascended the ranks to become chairman. From there, he set out to disrupt the status quo and ultimately transform both the exchange itself and the broader finance industry. Through daring to embrace innovative ideas many considered absurd, Melamed was a pioneer, continually fighting for modernisation in the financial markets through diversification and the introduction of new technologies. Covering the internal battles waged within the CME, the launch of the International Monetary Market (I

A paperback edition of the classic guide for new therapists seeing clients for the first time.Veteran therapist and mental health writer Louis Cozolino’s classic text contains all of the things he wished someone had told him during the first weeks and months of his clinical training. Now available in paperback, the book includes guidance about working with your clients, such as how to cope with silence, handle their direct questions, and get them to talk less and say more. It also focuses on the inner experience of becoming a therapist and ways of thinking and feeling while sitting across from clients. It speaks honestly about not having all the answers, and shuttling up and down between your head and your heart, and mind and body, struggling clients sit before you. It balances the process of developing therapeutic skills while also taking an inner journey―to becoming the professional, and person, you hope to be. With a new introduction to the paperback edition, this book remains an es

Promoting All-Round Education for Girls presents the history of Heep Yunn School, one of the oldest girls’ schools in Hong Kong. Amalgamated from two British mission schools founded in the 1880s for destitute girls and daughters of Christian parents, and renamed Heep Yunn School in 1936, the institution has witnessed and responded to the dramatic changes of Hong Kong over the years. By the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, Heep Yunn had expanded to offer a full Chinese middle school course for girls based upon Christian principles of all-round education. The school expanded rapidly after the war and became a bilingual institution to meet the demand for English language education. Eventually English would become the primary medium of instruction soon after the introduction of nine-year universal education in 1978. Heep Yunn strives to provide a full-fledged all-round education in the midst of political and education reforms. The school opted to switch its status from a gove

A rediscovered classic memoir - a fascinating insight into the life of a crime writer during and after the First World War - a woman ahead of her time. With a new introduction by Sophie HannahTHREE-A-PENNY describes what it is like to be a woman in a man's world - about the ups and downs of earning a living as a writer in the 1920s and 30s. Lucy Malleson wrote over 70 crime novels and was part of what is often referred to as the Golden Age of crime writing.But in order to be published she used a male pseudonym, and successfully concealed her true identity for many years. From the poignancy of the First World War and its aftermath to the invitation to join the infamous Detection Club, this re-discovered classic gives a fascinating insight into what life was like as a woman living and working in a largely male world during and after the First World War.

The Woodlanders (1887) was Thomas Hardy's elventh published novel and the one he claimed to like 'as a story, the best of all'. It is a story of wide appeal, having much to say on themes such as marriage and social class, and with a background revealing its author's profound knowledge and appreciation of many matters, particularly nature and country life. As part of The Cambridge Edition of the Novels and Stories of Thomas Hardy, this edition of the novel provides an authoritative and accurate text which aims to reflect Hardy's original artistic intention and represent the novel as it would have been read by his Victorian readers. The novel is supported by a comprehensive introduction, chronology and accompanying textual apparatus which allows the modern reader to trace the novel's evolution from composition to first publication and through several stages of revision in succeeding editions in the quarter of a century following its first publication.

What is a focus group? Why do we use them? When should we use them? When should we not? Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher provides a step-by-step guide to undertaking focus groups, whether as a stand-alone method or alongside other qualitative or quantitative methods. It recognizes the challenges that focus groups encounter and provides tips to address them. The book highlights three unique, inter-related characteristics of focus groups. First, they are inherently social in form. Second, the data emerge organically through conversation; they are emic in nature. Finally, focus groups generate data at three levels of analysis: the individual, group, and interactive level. The book builds from these three characteristics to explain when focus groups can usefully be employed in different research designs. This is an essential text for students and researchers looking for a concise and accessible introduction to this important approach to data collection.

What is a focus group? Why do we use them? When should we use them? When should we not? Focus Groups for the Social Science Researcher provides a step-by-step guide to undertaking focus groups, whether as a stand-alone method or alongside other qualitative or quantitative methods. It recognizes the challenges that focus groups encounter and provides tips to address them. The book highlights three unique, inter-related characteristics of focus groups. First, they are inherently social in form. Second, the data emerge organically through conversation; they are emic in nature. Finally, focus groups generate data at three levels of analysis: the individual, group, and interactive level. The book builds from these three characteristics to explain when focus groups can usefully be employed in different research designs. This is an essential text for students and researchers looking for a concise and accessible introduction to this important approach to data collection.

Who built the first houses? What's the difference between an arch and an architrave? How does a dome stay up? Who invented concrete? Can you build a house from paper? If you want to know more about the buildings around you, this entertaining illustrated guide is a perfect introduction to architecture around the world. From the mud huts of ancient history to today's towering edifices, you can explore iconic buildings and find out more about the people who created them. You'll also discover the development of different building materials, from mud and straw to paper, steel and reinforced concrete.AGES: 5 to 11 AUTHORS: Eduard Altarriba is a graphic designer and illustrator. He runs Alababala, a Barcelona-based independent studio producing games, exhibitions, animation, apps and workbooks for children that are practical and fun. Other books he has worked on include My First Book of Quantum Physics, also published by Button Books.Berta Bardi i Mila is a Lecturer at the School of Architectu

50 math flash cards from The World of Eric CarleFun and engaging way to learn numbers and counting: Featuring familiar characters and classic images from the books of bestselling author Eric Carle, this flash card set offers a creative introduction to early math concepts, from number recognition to counting, and even simple equations.• Includes 50 double-sided cards• Portable pack of cards is perfect for learning at home, in the classroom, or on the go• An engaging way to learn numbers and counting through vibrant illustrations of familiar charactersYoung fans of The World of Eric Carle will love learning and practicing math with Numbers and Counting Flash CardsDouble-sided flash cards are a fun and engaging way to learn numbers and counting• Early math flash cards for kids ages 3-5• Great for preschool and kindergarten students• The World of Eric Carle™ promotes the joys of playful learning, with The Very Hungry Caterpillar™ as its centerpiece. The brand has touched the lives of child

Discover how to calculate structural loads within the context of 2018 IBC and ASCE/SEI 7-16 requirementsThis practical guide shows, step by step, how to apply the provisions of the 2018 IBC and ASCE/SEI 7-16 to accurately determine structural loads. The book contains information engineers need to design buildings that will withstand the forces of gravity, occupancy, and environmental stress. You will get design examples, flowcharts, and load diagrams that illustrate complex load provisions.Structural Load Determination Under 2018 IBC and ASCE/SEI 7-16 opens with an introduction to structural loads and a discussion of the relationship between the IBC and ASCE 7 standards. From there, the book explains the proper application of allowable stress design (ASD), load resistance factor design (LRFD), and seismic load combinations. Subsequent chapters cover occupancy, roof, rain, snow, ice, wind, seismic, and tsunami loads. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the proper application of load provi

Henry James records in his autobiography a transformative childhood experience in the Louvre when he foresaw the 'fun' that art might bring him. Many of his novels and stories indeed go on to dramatise the circumstances of the artist's life, and their allusions to art are extensive. This complete collection of essays and reviews presents the observations of a major author whose critical judgments have become central to an understanding of late-nineteenth-century art. Readers will find James's texts as they first appeared, with a wealth of editorial support, which captures the mood and values of the art scene in Britain, France and America - its interesting minor figures, as well as names still familiar. Many of these items are difficult to access and have not previously been available in a scholarly edition. The editorial apparatus includes a general introduction, a chronology, a textual variants section, and a biographical guide to artists.

Success Is for You draws upon many concepts that fans of Dr. Hawkins will recognize and applies them to the world of business and the psychology of success. Expanding upon the illuminating discussion of the attractor patterns of success fromPower vs. Force, this remarkable never-before-published book pulls back the curtain on the inner workings of the successful mind. Success, according to Dr. Hawkins, is anattitude we inhabit, rather than a goal we strive for. New readers will find this to be a perfect introduction to an incredible teacher and foremost expert on mental processes, providing profound insights and real-world examples to help anyone focus on—and consequentlyachieve—what they desire. This fascinating book reveals: · The causality formula for success (and deconstruction of so-called failure)· &n

Why, when so driven by the impetus for autonomy, did the city elites of thirteenth-century Italy turn to men bound to religious orders whose purpose and reach stretched far beyond the boundaries of their often disputed territories? Churchmen and Urban Government in Late Medieval Italy, c.1200–c.1450 brings together a team of international contributors to provide the first comparative response to this pivotal question. Presenting a series of urban cases and contexts, the book explores the secular-religious boundaries of the period and evaluates the role of the clergy in the administration and government of Italy's city-states. With an extensive introduction and epilogue, it exposes for consideration the beginnings of the phenomenon, the varying responses of churchmen, the reasons why practices changed and how politics and religious identity relate to each other. This important new study has significant implications for our understanding of power, negotiation, bureaucracy and religious i

A must-have collection of shorter fiction from the pen of Sir Terry Pratchett, award-winning and bestselling author of the phenomenally successful Discworld novels. A brilliant collection of short stories and short form fiction from the pen of one of the world's best-loved authors. A Blink of the Screen charts the course of Pratchett's long writing career: from his schooldays through to his first writing job on the Bucks Free Press; to the origins of his debut novel, The Carpet People; and on again to the dizzy mastery of the Discworld series.Here are characters both familiar and yet to be discovered; abandoned worlds and others still expanding; adventure, chickens, death, disco and, actually, some quite disturbing ideas about Christmas, all of it shot through with his inimitable brand of humour. With an introduction by Booker Prize-winning author A.S. Byatt, illustrations by the late Josh Kirby and drawings by the author himself, this is a book to treasure.Front cover may vary.

Artificial intelligence, or AI, is a cross-disciplinary approach to understanding, modeling, and creating intelligence of various forms. It is a critical branch of cognitive science, and its influence is increasingly being felt in other areas, including the humanities. AI applications are transforming the way we interact with each other and with our environment, and work in artificially modeling intelligence is offering new insights into the human mind and revealing new forms mentality can take. This volume of original essays presents the state of the art in AI, surveying the foundations of the discipline, major theories of mental architecture, the principal areas of research, and extensions of AI such as artificial life. With a focus on theory rather than technical and applied issues, the volume will be valuable not only to people working in AI, but also to those in other disciplines wanting an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the field.

This book was first published in 2001. It provides an introduction to Fourier analysis and partial differential equations and is intended to be used with courses for beginning graduate students. With minimal prerequisites the authors take the reader from fundamentals to research topics in the area of nonlinear evolution equations. The first part of the book consists of some very classical material, followed by a discussion of the theory of periodic distributions and the periodic Sobolev spaces. The authors then turn to the study of linear and nonlinear equations in the setting provided by periodic distributions. They assume only some familiarity with Banach and Hilbert spaces and the elementary properties of bounded linear operators. After presenting a fairly complete discussion of local and global well-posedness for the nonlinear Schrödinger and the Korteweg-de Vries equations, they turn their attention, in the two final chapters, to the non-periodic setting, concentrating on problems

Collecting, Managing, and Assessing Data Using Sample Surveys provides a thorough, step-by-step guide to the design and implementation of surveys. Beginning with a primer on basic statistics, the first half of the book takes readers on a comprehensive tour through the basics of survey design. Topics covered include the ethics of surveys, the design of survey procedures, the design of the survey instrument, how to write questions and how to draw representative samples. Having shown readers how to design surveys, the second half of the book discusses a number of issues surrounding their implementation, including repetitive surveys, the economics of surveys, web-based surveys, coding and data entry, data expansion and weighting, the issue of non-response, and the documenting and archiving of survey data. The book is an excellent introduction to the use of surveys for graduate students as well as a useful reference work for scholars and professionals.

Collecting, Managing, and Assessing Data Using Sample Surveys provides a thorough, step-by-step guide to the design and implementation of surveys. Beginning with a primer on basic statistics, the first half of the book takes readers on a comprehensive tour through the basics of survey design. Topics covered include the ethics of surveys, the design of survey procedures, the design of the survey instrument, how to write questions and how to draw representative samples. Having shown readers how to design surveys, the second half of the book discusses a number of issues surrounding their implementation, including repetitive surveys, the economics of surveys, web-based surveys, coding and data entry, data expansion and weighting, the issue of non-response, and the documenting and archiving of survey data. The book is an excellent introduction to the use of surveys for graduate students as well as a useful reference work for scholars and professionals.

This book was first published in 2006. Earth's atmosphere and oceans exhibit complex patterns of fluid motion over a vast range of space and time scales. These patterns combine to establish the climate in response to solar radiation that is inhomogeneously absorbed by the materials comprising air, water, and land. Spontaneous, energetic variability arises from instabilities in the planetary-scale circulations, appearing in many different forms such as waves, jets, vortices, boundary layers, and turbulence. Geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD) is the science of all these types of fluid motion. This textbook is a concise and accessible introduction to GFD for intermediate to advanced students of the physics, chemistry, and/or biology of Earth's fluid environment. The book was developed from the author's many years of teaching a first-year graduate course at the University of California, Los Angeles. Readers are expected to be familiar with physics and mathematics at the level of general dyna

For thirty years, Peter Singer's Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical challenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat from intensively reared animals? Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet's environment. This book's lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live.

For thirty years, Peter Singer's Practical Ethics has been the classic introduction to applied ethics. For this third edition, the author has revised and updated all the chapters and added a new chapter addressing climate change, one of the most important ethical challenges of our generation. Some of the questions discussed in this book concern our daily lives. Is it ethical to buy luxuries when others do not have enough to eat? Should we buy meat from intensively reared animals? Am I doing something wrong if my carbon footprint is above the global average? Other questions confront us as concerned citizens: equality and discrimination on the grounds of race or sex; abortion, the use of embryos for research and euthanasia; political violence and terrorism; and the preservation of our planet's environment. This book's lucid style and provocative arguments make it an ideal text for university courses and for anyone willing to think about how she or he ought to live.

Although Adalbert Stifter (1808–68) has long been recognised as a key figure in nineteenth-century German prose writing, his literary reputation has been curiously volatile. This major study, first published in 1984, was a reassessment of Stifter's work within the context of the tradition of nineteenth-century European fictional prose. The authors pay close attention to features of style, structure and narrative perspective in order to suggest that Stifter's heavily stylised prose expresses a profound and significant irresolution. On the one hand, Stifter seeks to assert that the natural world is a divinely ordained creation; on the other, he recognises that nature is a self-regulating mechanism, a totality that is scientifically explicable. Stifter emerges as a writer of European stature. This tightly organised, lucid study will prove of interest to students of German literature and serve as an introduction to Stifter for those who take an interest in European prose fiction.

In this 1976 volume, L.P. Elwall-Sutton provides a complete introduction to and survey of the metres used in Persian classical poetry, which extends from the 9th century AD onwards. The book begins with a detailed description of the traditional method of classifying the metres of both Arabic and Persian verse, which had its shortcomings when applied to Persian, not least in conveying the impression that Persian metres are copied from Arabic. The author shows that this is not the case, and then proceeds to a fairer analysis and classification of the metres actually used by Persian poets, based on a wide cross-section of Persian poetry. A final section suggests lines of research necessary to establish the sources of these metres and their links with pre-Islamic verse, popular verse and the patterns of ordinary speech. This work will be of interest to students and teachers of Persian language and literature, specialists in Arabic, Turkish and Urdu.

Literature and the English Civil War charts the relationship between literary texts and their historical context during this era of profound change and upheaval for British society and culture. The volume demonstrates that literary texts are not merely passive reflections of the historical events that help to form them. On the contrary, 'history' is fashioned by the way events are named and the language used to describe them. To understand the literature of the English Civil War is to form a vital perspective on this major period of transition. Essays in the volume focus on issues of ideology and genre, often with reference to topical debates about how the events of 1640–1660 can best be characterised. There are pieces on the politics of the masque; lyric and devotional poetry; women's writing and the Civil War; attitudes towards Ireland; colonialism; madness and division; individual writers such as Hobbes, Marvell, and Milton; and other relevant topics. An editorial introduction trace

The introduction earlier this century of Norwegian reindeer to the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia provided scientists with the unusual opportunity of studying the interaction between a large arctic herbivore and a southern ecosystem that had not previously been exposed to grazing by mammals. Originally published in 1988, this book synthesises the results of many years' research into this fascinating ecological situation. The author develops the observations into two main themes. First,a comparative study of the biology and ecology of a deer that occurs in a wide variety of Arctic habitats. Secondly, an investigation into the ways in which an introduced population adapts to a new environment, its relevance to the population ecology of mammals and to the conservation of southern island ecosystems. In doing this, the author discusses many topics including reproductive biology, feeding ecology, growth, mortality and population dynamics. This in-depth study of a single species in an

A selection from Arnold's writing on education, other than Culture and Anarchy. All the pieces stem from his work as Inspector of Schools: they illustrate his concern both with the principles that must be established as a basis for the education of an industrial democracy and his practical concern with the day-to-day running of schools. 'Democracy' was first published as the introduction to The Popular Education of France. It faces the fundamental political problems and outlines the general objectives of a state educational system. 'A French Eton' was the result of the same examination of French education to see what the British could learn from it; here he considers private education for the middle-classes. 'The twice-revised code' criticises the national Revised Code of 1862: a system founded on gross utilitarianism. Extracts from Arnold's reports as an inspector show the man of principle at work in particular circumstances and relating what he sees to what he would wish to see. The

In an 'Autobiographical Introduction' Dr Vidler explains how, since his undergraduate days, he has been interested in those who sought to reconcile Roman Catholicism with modernity between the years 1890 and 1910 when their movement was stamped out by Pius X. In this expanded and annotated version of his Lectures Dr Vidler shows that the modernists, while they shared a common aim, differed much from one another both in temperament and in ideas. In addition to his familiarity with the literature of the movement, he has had access to many unpublished letters as well as to personal sources of information and so has been able to illustrate the characteristics of the modernists with many lively touches. Among the English modernists those treated most fully are Baron von Hugel, A. L. Lilley and Edmund Bishop. A full bibliography gives details of older bibliographical studies of the modernists and of their own writing and the book is illustrated by eight portraits.

St Ambrose of Milan (AD 340–97) has always been considered one of the four great doctors of the Latin Church. He was a great ecclesiastical statesman, a successful bishop and administrator, and a prolific writer. His works contain numerous quotations from the New Testament; by examining them it is possible to learn something of the text available to him. The introduction deals with the syntax and vocabulary of Ambrose, giving examples of 'Europeanizes' and 'African-isms'. A list of Græcisms is also given, and there are notes on some select quotations from the New Testament. The examination shows that Ambrose's quotations generally reach a high standard of accuracy, showing agreement either with the Greek reading or a variant, or with some Latin MS. authority. The Ambrosias text is sometimes in agreement with Old Latin texts, while at other times it shows assimilation to a Vulgate text. It is interesting to note that Ambrose is an important witness to certain readings that are peculiar

Taken as a whole the essays in this volume illustrate the outstanding contribution made to French Revolutionary scholarship by British and American authors. Professor Johnson has selected essays which cover a wide spectrum of time, place and social class but are vitally concerned to describe and explain the social reality of revolution in its various phases. The essays fall into three main groups; the first sets the scene with studies of the social, economic and intellectual life of pre-Revolutionary France; the second studies the role of fate of certain social groups during the Revolution; and the third examines counter-revolution in two provincial areas. The editor has added an introduction and index, and some minor changes have been made to the essays. Many of these articles are already well known to professional historian and it is hoped that publication in the present form will make them available to a wider audience interested in the social experience of the most dramatic and far

This book presents a definitive account of the applications of the algebraic L-theory to the surgery classification of topological manifolds. The central result is the identification of a manifold structure in the homotopy type of a Poincaré duality space with a local quadratic structure in the chain homotopy type of the universal cover. The difference between the homotopy types of manifolds and Poincaré duality spaces is identified with the fibre of the algebraic L-theory assembly map, which passes from local to global quadratic duality structures on chain complexes. The algebraic L-theory assembly map is used to give a purely algebraic formulation of the Novikov conjectures on the homotopy invariance of the higher signatures; any other formulation necessarily factors through this one. The book is designed as an introduction to the subject, accessible to graduate students in topology; no previous acquaintance with surgery theory is assumed, and every algebraic concept is justified by

The introduction of state planning and party dictatorship dramatically altered the environment for social theory in the German Democratic Republic. But social thought did not disappear. By the mid-1950s, East German social theorists discovered the basic contradictions of state socialism that would eventually lead to its collapse: the inability of the plan to function without markets and its inability to permit markets; the inability of the party-state to guarantee the rule of law and yet also the need for a regular system of rules in a modern industrial society; and the contradictory philosophical claims of a Marxist-Leninist philosophy that rejected idealism, and Marxist-Leninist dogma with its idealistic claim to know the laws of social modernization. Making use of archival sources, Caldwell examines the articulation of these analyses, their subsequent suppression by party authorities in the late 1950s, and their return under the guise of cybernetics in the 1960s.

The only picture book available about the father of genetics and his pea plants!How do mothers and fathers-whether they are apple trees, sheep, or humans-pass down traits to their children? This question fascinated Gregor Mendel throughout his life. Regarded as the world's first geneticist, Mendel overcame poverty and obscurity to discover one of the fundamental aspects of genetic science: animals, plants, and people all inherit and pass down traits through the same process, following the same rules. Living the slow-paced, contemplative life of a friar, Gregor Mendel was able to conceive and put into practice his great experiment: growing multiple generations of peas. From observing yellow peas, green peas, smooth peas, and wrinkled peas, Mendel crafted his theory of heredity-years before scientists had any notion of genes. Children will be inspired by Gregor's neverending search for knowledge, and his famous experiments are easy to understand as an introduction to genetics. The only p

This book describes both the theoretical and experimental aspects of optical soliton generation, soliton properties and the application of optical solitons to all-optical high-bit-rate communications. Only temporal optical solitons in fibres are considered. The intention of the book is to provide an overview of our current understanding of optical soliton properties, introducing the subject for the student and reviewing the most recent research. Each chapter has been written by experts, indeed chapters 1 and 2 have been contributed by the pioneers of theoretical and experimental optical soliton research – Dr A. Hasegawa and Dr L. F. Mollenauer respectively. The book will be of importance to graduate students and researchers in optics, optical engineering and communications science, providing a useful introduction for those who are entering the field. It will provide an up-to-date summary of recent research for the expert, who will also find the references to each chapter extremely val

This book provides a complete and clear introduction to the use of adhesives to form load-bearing joints in bridges, civil engineering and building structures. Recent advances in adhesive technology have led to a rapid growth in the use of adhesives and in many cases, the use of adhesives can prove more convenient, less expensive, stronger, and more durable than traditional methods of joining. The first part of this book addresses the crucial factors involved in the formation of a successful adhesive joint, including adhesive selection, surface preparation, joint design, fabrication and protection from the environment. The second part of the book describes the growing uses of adhesives to repair and strengthen existing structures, in addition to describing their use in new constructions and applications which are now being developed for the future. The connections between the two parts of the book are brought out wherever possible so that the links between theory and practice are empha