Introduction to Python Programming And Data Structure By Liang

Each book aims to teach an important technology or programming language and is designed to take a person from being a novice to a professional by including the most essential information and explainin

Each book aims to teach an important technology or programming language and is designed to take a person from being a novice to a professional by including the most essential information and explainin

Each book aims to teach an important technology or programming language and is designed to take a person from being a novice to a professional by including the most essential information and explainin

Agreement in language relates to the correspondence between words in a sentence, in terms of gender, case, person, or number. For example, in the sentence 'he runs', the suffix -s 'agrees' in number with the singular pronoun 'he'. Patterns of agreement vary dramatically cross-linguistically, with great diversity in the way it is expressed and the types of variation permitted. This clear introduction offers an insight into how agreement works, and how linguists have tried to account for it. Comparing examples from a range of languages, with radically different agreement systems, it demonstrates agreement at work in a variety of constructions. It shows how agreement is influenced by the conflicting effects of sentence structure and meaning, and highlights the oddities of agreement in English. The first textbook devoted to the cross-linguistic study of the topic, Agreement will be essential reading for all those studying the structure and mechanisms of natural languages.

Clinical Evidence Made Easy is a concise and accessible introduction for any healthcare professional looking to understand clinical data sources. As clinical evidence becomes increasingly important i

Originally published in 1957, this book presents symposium number 4, organised by the International Astronomical Union, held on 25th–27th August 1955 at the Jodrell Bank Experimental Station of the University of Manchester. This volume contains all but two of the papers presented and one contribution, paper 16, has been added at the editor's request. Furthermore, 'many papers have been improved as a result of discussion at the symposium or by the inclusion of data not available in August 1955'. The papers are broad in scope and detailed; chapter titles include, 'Spectral line investigations', 'Galactic structure and statistical studies of point sources' and 'Meteors and planets'. Diagrams are included for reference throughout. This book will be of significant value to astronomy scholars as well as to anyone with an interest in physics, cosmology and the history of science.

Livy's Ab urbe condita Book XXII narrates Hannibal's massive defeats of the Romans at Trasimene (217 BC) and Cannae (216 BC). It is Livy's best and most dramatic book, and the one most likely to appeal to students at every level. Livy drew on the Greek historian Polybius, but transformed his drier treatment into a rhetorical masterpiece, which by a series of insistent thematic contrasts brings out the tensions between the delaying tactics of Fabius and the costly rashness of Flaminius, Minucius and Varro. A substantial and accessibly written introduction by two experienced commentators covers historical, religious, literary and linguistic matters, including the place of Book XXII in the structure of Livy's long work. A new text by Briscoe is followed by a full commentary, covering literary and historical aspects and offering frequent help with translation. The volume is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, teachers, and scholars.

Specifically addressing COBOL programming for IBM mainframes, this tutorial and reference starts by showing how to code and test simple programs that prepare reports, then shows how to design more com

Advanced information technology infrastructure is increasingly being employed in the Earth sciences to provide researchers with efficient access to massive central databases and to integrate diversely formatted information from a variety of sources. These geoinformatics initiatives enable manipulation, modeling and visualization of data in a consistent way, and are helping to develop integrated Earth models at various scales, and from the near surface to the deep interior. This book uses a series of case studies to demonstrate computer and database use across the geosciences. Chapters are thematically grouped into sections that cover data collection and management; modeling and community computational codes; visualization and data representation; knowledge management and data integration; and web services and scientific workflows. Geoinformatics is a fascinating and accessible introduction to this emerging field for readers across the solid Earth sciences and an invaluable reference fo

This book is an introduction to polymers and focuses on the synthesis, structure and properties of the individual molecules that constitute polymeric materials. It approaches polymeric materials from a molecular basis on the belief that there is a common core of knowledge and principles concerning polymer molecules that can be set out in an introductory work. Subjects treated include an introductory overview of synthesis, an introduction of the concept and definition of molecular weight and its distribution, experimental methods for measuring molecular weight, a more detailed view of polymerization including kinetics and mechanism, and the three-dimensional architecture of polymers as determined by conformation and stereochemistry. The statistical description of the conformational disorder of the molecules is covered and then built upon in treating rubber elasticity and polymer solutions.

Seneca's tragedy Agamemnon is a brilliantly rhetorical piece, written for the study rather than the stage. In this edition Professor Tarrant provides a much needed critical text. In his introduction he discusses the sources, dating, structure and mode of production of Agamemnon and Senecan drama in general, and includes a detailed survey of the manuscript tradition. His commentary is the fullest yet published on a Senecan play and attempts both to interpret the text and to define the originality of Senecan drama by placing it in its proper literary context; it contains material illustrating Seneca's relationship to earlier Greek and Roman drama, Augustan poetry (Ovid's in particular), and the rhetoric of declamation. This edition will be welcomed by classical scholars and students of Latin poetry, and may also prove valuable to those interested in Seneca's influence on later European drama.

This volume identifies historical metrics as an important discipline within English studies and raises significant questions about the composition and transmission of early English verse. The chronological range of the book covers the Old English to the pre-Renaissance periods, while its theoretical range is multidisciplinary. The keynote introduction by Thomas Cable identifies major current issues within the field. The work concludes with an extensive and up-to-date bibliography which includes linguistics, philological and text-critical work. The distinguished team of contributors includes: Russom, McCully, and Obst (focusing on Old English, with a conspectus by Stockwell); Minkova (on the Ormulum and early Middle English); Borroff, Matonis, and Osberg (Middle English verse); Bunt and Duggan (editing and Middle English metrics); and Duffell and Youmans (the origin and structure of the Chaucerian long line).

In the fast moving world of information technology, Java is now the number 1 programming language. Programmers and developers everywhere need to know Java to keep pace with traditional and web-based application development. COBOL Programmers Swing with Java provides COBOL programmers a clear, easy transition to Java programming by drawing on the numerous similarities between COBOL and Java. The authors introduce the COBOL programmer to the history of Java and object-oriented programming and then dive into the details of the Java syntax, always contrasting them with their parallels in COBOL. A running case study gives the reader an overall view of application development with Java, with increased functionality as new material is presented. This new edition features the development of graphical user interfaces (GUI's) using the latest in Java Swing components. The clear writing style and excellent examples make the book suitable for anyone wanting to learn Java and OO programming, whethe

Paradigmatic gaps ('missing' inflected forms) have traditionally been considered to be the random detritus of a language's history and marginal exceptions to the normal functioning of its inflectional system. Arguing that this is a misperception, Inflectional Defectiveness demonstrates that paradigmatic gaps are in fact normal and expected products of inflectional structure. Sims offers an accessible exploration of how and why inflectional defectiveness arises, why it persists, and how it is learned. The book presents a theory of morphology which is rooted in the implicative structure of the paradigm. This systematic exploration of the topic also addresses questions of inflection class organization, the morphology-syntax interface, the structure of the lexicon, and the nature of productivity. Presenting a novel synthesis of established research and new empirical data, this work is significant for researchers and graduate students in all fields of linguistics.

This book is devoted to recursion in programming, the technique by which the solution to a problem is expressed partly in terms of the solution to a simpler version of the same problem. Ultimately the solution to the simplest version must be given explicitly. In functional programming, recursion has received its full due since it is quite often the only repetitive construct. However, the programming language used here is Pascal and the examples have been chosen accordingly. It makes an interesting contrast with the use of recursion in functional and logic programming. The early chapters consider simple linear recursion using examples such as finding the highest common factor of a pair of numbers, and processing linked lists. Subsequent chapters move up through binary recursion, with examples which include the Towers of Hanoi problem and symbolic differentiation, to general recursion. The book contains well over 100 examples.

The new edition of this successful and established textbook retains its two original intentions of explaining how to program in the ML language, and teaching the fundamentals of functional programming. The major change is the early and prominent coverage of modules, which are extensively used throughout. In addition, the first chapter has been totally rewritten to make the book more accessible to those without experience of programming languages. The main features of new Standard Library for the revised version of ML are described and many new examples are given, while references have also been updated. Dr Paulson has extensive practical experience of ML and has stressed its use as a tool for software engineering; the book contains many useful pieces of code, which are freely available (via the Internet) from the author. He shows how to use lists, trees, higher-order functions and infinite data structures. Many illustrative and practical examples are included.. Efficient functional imp

Focus groups are a popular method for collecting qualitative data in the social sciences. Doing Focus Groups provides a concise, practical introduction to planning and organizing successful

The book is an introduction to the branch of fluid mechanics concerned with the production of sound by hydrodynamic flows. It is designed for a one semester introductory course at advanced undergraduate or graduate level. Great care is taken to explain underlying fluid mechanical and acoustic concepts, and to describe as fully as possible the steps in a complicated derivation. The discussion deals specifically with low Mach number flows, which enables the sound produced by 'vortex-surface' interactions to be analysed using the 'compact Green's function'. This provides a routine procedure for estimating the sound, and an easy identification of those parts of a structure that are likely to be important sources of sound. Each chapter ends with a set of problems, many of which can form the basis of an extended student project. The final chapter contains worked examples that have been investigated by students at Boston University.

Infrared astronomy has been revolutionised in the last few years by the advent of large, sensitive, infrared arrays, and the success of several infrared satellites. This handbook provides a clear, concise and accessible reference on all aspects of infrared astronomy. Throughout, the emphasis is on fundamental concepts, practical considerations and useful data. Starting with a review of the basic infrared emission mechanisms, we are shown how the earth's atmosphere affects and limits observations from ground-based telescopes. The important systematics of photometric accuracy are treated in detail. Spectroscopy - both stellar and otherwise - is explained, and illustrated with useful examples. An important chapter is devoted to dust, which plays such a central role. Finally, the technical background to infrared instrumentation is covered. This volume provides both an essential introduction for graduate students making infrared observations or reducing infrared data for the first time, and

Cloud computing promises to revolutionize IT and business by making computing available as a utility over the internet. This book is intended primarily for practising software architects who need to assess the impact of such a transformation. It explains the evolution of the internet into a cloud computing platform, describes emerging development paradigms and technologies, and discusses how these will change the way enterprise applications should be architected for cloud deployment. Gautam Shroff provides a technical description of cloud computing technologies, covering cloud infrastructure and platform services, programming paradigms such as MapReduce, as well as 'do-it-yourself' hosted development tools. He also describes emerging technologies critical to cloud computing. The book also covers the fundamentals of enterprise computing, including a technical introduction to enterprise architecture, so it will interest programmers aspiring to become software architects and serve as a re

This textbook provides a clear, concise, and comprehensive introduction to methodological issues encountered by the various social science disciplines. It emphasizes applications, with detailed examples, so that readers can put these methods to work in their research. Within a unified framework, John Gerring and Dino Christenson integrate a variety of methods - descriptive and causal, observational and experimental, qualitative and quantitative. The text covers a wide range of topics including research design, data-gathering techniques, statistics, theoretical frameworks, and social science writing. It is designed both for those attempting to make sense of social science, as well as those aiming to conduct original research. The text is accompanied by online practice questions, exercises, examples, and additional resources, including related readings and websites. An essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate programs in communications, criminal justice, economics, business,

Physical labels such as stable nitroxide radicals, luminescent and photochromic chromophores, so-called Mössbauer atoms and electron-dense assemblies of heavy atoms have proved to be effective tools in solving many problems at the molecular level in biological systems. These physical labels are used as 'molecular rulers' to measure the distances between chosen groups and to measure the size, form and microrelief of objects. By providing information about these factors, the label provides information that can help the scientist to understand the structure of membranes, nucleic acids, enzymes and proteins and how they function. This 1993 volume covers all aspects of this field: the theoretical bases, the experimental techniques, and it also shows how to interpret the resulting data. It also critically discusses some recent results obtained with these techniques and gives an analysis of likely developments in the future.

This textbook provides advanced undergraduate and graduate students with a complete introduction to modern cosmology. It successfully bridges the gap between undergraduate and advanced graduate texts by discussing topics of current research, starting from first principles. Throughout this authoritative volume, emphasis is given to the simplest, most intuitive explanation for key equations used by researchers. The first third of the book carefully develops the necessary background in general relativity and quantum fields. The rest of the book then provides self-contained accounts of all the key topics in contemporary cosmology, including inflation, topological defects, gravitational lensing, galaxy formation, large-scale structure and the distance scale. To aid understanding, the book is well illustrated with helpful figures and includes outline solutions to nearly 100 problems. All necessary astronomical jargon is clearly explained, ensuring the book is self-contained for any student w

This volume contains a selection of Karl Marx's most important writings, organized thematically under eight headings: methodology, alienation, economics, exploitation, historical materialism, classes, politics, and ideology. Jon Elster provides a brief introduction to each selection to explain its context and its place in Marx's argument. The volume is designed as a companion to Elster's An Introduction to Karl Marx and the thematic structure of each book is the same. But the Reader can also stand on its own and offers the student a substantial and revealingly organized selection of the crucial texts needed to understand and assess Marx's views.

Luke Howard (1772–1864) was a pharmacist and businessman, but is most famous for his contributions to meteorology. He classified clouds by their appearance and gave them their modern names of cumulus, cirrus, nimbus and stratus. He was educated at a Quaker school in Oxfordshire, then trained as a pharmacist, but was fascinated by weather throughout his life, and developed into a keen amateur meteorologist. He wrote several important texts on the subject including The Climate of London, an early study in urban climatology, and On the Modification of Clouds (both also reissued in this series). Published in 1837, Seven Lectures on Meteorology covers the components of the atmosphere, seasonal variation in winds and temperature, the use of barometers, cloud structure, and visual phenomena such as rainbows and the Aurora Borealis. This reissue also includes Howard's short 1842 book which details selected British weather data from 1824 to 1841.

Challenges the prevailing orthodoxy in collecting and analyzing data in consumer research by examining the concept of "data" and by turning attention away from the issue of conducting research to that

This book explores noun phrase (NP) complexity in English, showing that it is best accounted for both by a linear and a hierarchical parameter: its length and its type of postmodifier(s). The study is methodologically unique in that it combines univariate and multivariate analyses in an investigation of four different syntactic variables. Drawing on more than three billion words of British and American data, Eva Berlage shows that the length and the structure of the NPs, along with language-external factors such as the regional variety of English, work as powerful determinants of the variation. On a theoretical level, the book reveals that the structural complexity of NPs cannot be sufficiently captured by (phrasal) node counts but that we need to incorporate the degree to which NPs are sentential. The book is designed for researchers and students interested in syntax, language variation, sociolinguistics, structural complexity and the history of English.

The increasing use of educational technology is enabling the collection of massive amounts of data from a wide variety of sources about students and their online activities. Introduction to Learning A

Originally published in 1959, the basis of this book was a course of lectures given at Cambridge University entitled Three Traditions of Moral Thought: Platonic-Christian; Utilitarian; Humanist. Designed chiefly for students of literature, and maintaining the accessible structure of the original lectures, it was intended to provide an introduction to English moral thought and the problems of moral philosophy. Whilst this approach necessarily involved an avoidance of a 'pure' philosophical method, it was enriched by fresh perspectives derived from literary criticism and a direct, non-technical style. This is an informative volume that will be of value to anyone with an interest in moral philosophy, literary criticism, and the relationship between the two.

The concept of Hopf algebras was first introduced in the theory of algebraic topology but in recent years has been developed by many mathematicians and applied to other areas of mathematics such as Lie groups, algebraic groups and Galois theory. This book is an introduction to the basic theory of Hopf algebras for the reader already familiar with the basic ideas of linear algebra and commutative algebra. After introducing and discussing the basic properties of coalgebras, bialgebras and Hopf algebras, the author treats the fundamental structure theorem of bi-modules and Sullivan's proof of the existence and uniqueness of integrals of Hopf algebras. This book will interest graduate students and research workers who specialise in algebra.

This book is for those who want to learn how to build exciting Arduino projects by interfacing it with Android. You will need to have some basic experience in electronics and programming. However, you

The future of mankind depends on ever-increasing agricultural production to provide food, fibre, fuel and other essential commodities. This can only be achieved through a sound knowledge of the plants which feature prominently in agriculture. This book describes these plants in detail, together with the products which are obtained from them. The opening chapter on world population and food supply is followed by a general introduction to plant structure. The major part of the book then considers economically important field crops and pasture plants of temperate and subtropical regions on a family-by-family basis. Fruit crops, flowers and trees are not considered. The book concludes with a discussion of physiological principles of crop growth and yield. This is an introductory text, suitable for the teaching of agricultural botany to undergraduate students, and is intended to bridge the gap between classical botany and agronomy.

In 1979, Bruce Pavitt moved to Olympia, WA, and began programming a show called Subterranean Pop on local community radio station KAOS-FM. Inspired by Olympia’s guide to independent music, OP Magazine

The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite (EMBOSS) is a high quality, well documented package of open source software tools for molecular biology. EMBOSS includes extensive and extensible C programming libraries, providing a powerful and robust toolkit for developing new bioinformatics tools from scratch. The EMBOSS Developer's Guide is the official and definitive guide to developing software under EMBOSS. It includes comprehensive reference information and guidelines, including step-by-step instructions and real-world code examples: • Learn how to write fully-featured tools guided by the people who developed EMBOSS • Step-by-step guide to writing EMBOSS applications, illustrated with functional, deployed code • ACD file development - learn how to customise existing tools without coding, or design and write entirely new application interfaces • EMBOSS API programming guidelines - quickly master application development • Wrapping and porting applications under EMBOSS - learn ho

How can Twitter data be used to study individual-level human behavior and social interaction on a global scale? This book introduces readers to the methods, opportunities, and challenges of using Twitter data to analyze phenomena ranging from the number of people infected by the flu, to national elections, to tomorrow's stock prices. Each chapter, written by leading domain experts in clear and accessible language, takes the reader to the forefront of the newly emerging field of computational social science. An introductory chapter on Twitter data analysis provides an overview of key tools and skills, and gives pointers on how to get started, while the case studies demonstrate shortcomings, limitations, and pitfalls of Twitter data as well as its advantages. The book will be an excellent resource for social science students and researchers wanting to explore the use of online data.

By the late nineteenth century, twenty-nine Chinese ports were open for foreign trade. Often run by foreign commissioners and no longer subject to the stringent local laws, these ports levied one of the smallest import taxes in the world, and Chinese commerce therefore exploded. Originally published in 1900, this account by William Barclay Parsons (1859–1932) investigates the ensuing surge of economic and industrial development in the eastern provinces. Including an introduction to China's history and the structure of its civil service, the book analyses the corrupt but ingenious world of customs officials, the importance of American cotton interests, and export statistics which reveal the multimillion-dollar smuggling operations that slipped around official embargoes. Set against a backdrop of electric lights and western labels in even the most closed of cities, this book offers a fascinating glimpse into the early stages of today's global market.

The most famous of the three canticles that comprise The Divine Comedy, Inferno describes Dante's descent in Hell midway through his life with Virgil as a guide. As he descends through nine concentric circles of increasingly agonizing torture, Dante encounters doomed souls that include the pagan Aeneas, the liar Odysseus, the suicidal Cleopatra, and his own political enemies, damned for their deceit. Led by leering demons, Dante must ultimately journey with Virgil to the deepest level of all-for it is only by encountering Satan himself, in the heart of Hell, that he can truly understand the tragedy of sin. BACKCOVER: "Kirkpatrick brings a more nuanced sense of the Italian and a more mediated appreciation of the poem's construction than nearly all of his competitors. . . . There is much to recommend here-certainly the intelligence, the energy, the linguistic range. . . . His introduction and canto-by-canto notes are remarkably level and lucid, as attentive to structure as to syntax, lan

The literature of Africa is dominated by accounts of crisis and gloom. But Thomas Bassett, a distinguished American geographer well known in the field of development, tells an unusual story of the growth of the cotton economy of West Africa. One of the few long-running success stories in African development, change was brought about by tens of thousands of small-scale peasant farmers. While the introduction of new strains of cotton in French West Africa was in part a result of agronomic research by French scientists, supported by an unusually efficient marketing structure, this is not a case of triumphant top-down 'planification'. Employing the case of Côte d'Ivoire, Professor Bassett shows agricultural intensification to result from the cumulative effect of decades of incremental changes in farming techniques and social organization. A significant contribution to the literature, the book demonstrates the need to consider the local and temporal dimensions of agricultural innovations. I

Storytelling and remembering rely on similar practices: they both arrange images in an ordered structure. A story is initially memorised by the author in a mental structure which is transferred to the

Natasha Romanoff was trained to kill. For years now she's tried to overcome that programming, to side with the angels...to be a hero. And where'd that get her? Killed. By one of the few true friends s