Methods of Randomization in Experimental Design

Once viewed as a distinct era characterized by intense bigotry, nostalgia for simpler times and a revulsion against active government, the 1920s have been rediscovered by historians in recent decades as a time when Herbert Hoover and his allies worked to significantly reform economic policy. Mark Hendrickson both augments and amends this view by studying the origins and development of New Era policy expertise and knowledge. Policy-oriented social scientists in government, trade union, academic and nonprofit agencies showed how methods for achieving stable economic growth through increased productivity could both defang the dreaded business cycle and defuse the pattern of hostile class relations that Gilded Age depressions had helped to set as an American system of industrial relations.

Coming into the Country is an unforgettable account of Alaska and Alaskans. It is a rich tapestry of vivid characters, observed landscapes, and descriptive narrative, in three principal segments that deal, respectively, with a total wilderness, with urban Alaska, and with life in the remoteness of the bush. Readers of McPhee’s earlier books will not be unprepared for his surprising shifts of scene and ordering of events, brilliantly combined into an organic whole. In the course of this volume we are made acquainted with the lore and techniques of placer mining, the habits and legends of the barren-ground grizzly, the outlook of a young Athapaskan chief, and tales of the fortitude of settlers—ordinary people compelled by extraordinary dreams. Coming into the Country unites a vast region of America with one of America’s notable literary craftsmen, singularly qualified to do justice to the scale and grandeur of the design.

Providing an all-inclusive treatment of electronic and optoelectronic devices used in high-speed optical communication systems, this book emphasizes circuit applications, advanced device design solutions, and noise in sources and receivers. Core topics covered include semiconductors and semiconductor optical properties, high-speed circuits and transistors, detectors, sources, and modulators. It discusses in detail both active devices (heterostructure field-effect and bipolar transistors) and passive components (lumped and distributed) for high-speed electronic integrated circuits. It also describes recent advances in high-speed devices for 40 Gbps systems. Introductory elements are provided, making the book open to readers without a specific background in optoelectronics, whilst end-of-chapter review questions and numerical problems enable readers to test their understanding and experiment with realistic data.

Crisis, Resilience and Survival charts the evolution of the global automotive industry, revealing the pressures and challenges facing firms in this huge but turbulent realm of business. Long-term overcapacity and swings of the economic cycle mean that many car companies are in financially perilous positions. Yet failures of auto companies are rare, and many have bounced back from the brink. Using the concept of the 'survival envelope', Holweg and Oliver argue that the ability to design, develop, manufacture and distribute vehicles competitively is not the only factor in ensuring success. Using detailed analyses of two failures (Rover and Saab) and two near-misses (Chrysler and Nissan) they explore how scale, market reach and supportive stakeholder relations can make the difference between success and failure in this global industry. This book will appeal to anyone working in, or studying the auto industry, as well as those interested in corporate success and failure.

Small-scale turbulent flow dynamics is traditionally viewed as universal and as enslaved to that of larger scales. In coarse grained simulation (CGS), large energy-containing structures are resolved, smaller structures are spatially filtered out, and unresolved subgrid scale (SGS) effects are modeled. Coarse Grained Simulation and Turbulent Mixing reviews our understanding of CGS. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamental theory the discussion then moves to the crucial challenges of predictability. Next, it addresses verification and validation, the primary means of assessing accuracy and reliability of numerical simulation. The final part reports on the progress made in addressing difficult non-equilibrium applications of timely current interest involving variable density turbulent mixing. The book will be of fundamental interest to graduate students, research scientists, and professionals involved in the design and analysis of complex turbulent flows.

Proposals for power-sharing constitutions remain controversial, as highlighted by current debates in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Sudan. This book updates and refines the theory of consociationalism, taking account of the flood of contemporary innovations in power-sharing institutions that have occurred worldwide. The book classifies and compares four types of political institutions: the electoral system, parliamentary or presidential executives, unitary or federal states, and the structure and independence of the mass media. The study tests the potential advantages and disadvantages of each of these institutions for democratic governance. Cross-national time-series data concerning trends in democracy are analyzed for all countries worldwide since the early 1970s. Chapters are enriched by comparing detailed case studies. The mixed-method research design illuminates the underlying causal mechanisms by examining historical developments and processes of institutional change within partic

Proposals for power-sharing constitutions remain controversial, as highlighted by current debates in Iraq, Afghanistan, Nepal, and Sudan. This book updates and refines the theory of consociationalism, taking account of the flood of contemporary innovations in power-sharing institutions that have occurred worldwide. The book classifies and compares four types of political institutions: the electoral system, parliamentary or presidential executives, unitary or federal states, and the structure and independence of the mass media. The study tests the potential advantages and disadvantages of each of these institutions for democratic governance. Cross-national time-series data concerning trends in democracy are analyzed for all countries worldwide since the early 1970s. Chapters are enriched by comparing detailed case studies. The mixed-method research design illuminates the underlying causal mechanisms by examining historical developments and processes of institutional change within partic

Ground breaker. Game changer. The King of the World. Director James Cameron went from cult sci-fi rising star to box-office dominator at faster than light speed.As much a technical innovator as he is a visionary artist, Cameron has proven himself the master of his own cinematic destiny. His methods have often been controversial, but the results are undeniably impactful.Taking in his scrappy early days, his impressive breakthrough with The Terminator, his colossal triumph with Titanic, his real-life adventures in planet Earth's most extreme environment, and his astonishing world-building success with Avatar, this is a truly essential guide to Cameron's stellar filmography.

A must-have book for thirty years, and now in its sixth edition, Cookery for the Hospitality Industry remains Australia's most trusted and reliable reference for commercial cookery students, apprentice chefs and those studying vocational courses in schools. It covers the essential skills, methods and principles of cookery as well as the core competencies listed within the Australian National Training Package for Commercial Cookery. This book provides trade apprentices and commercial cookery students with everything they need to know to achieve trade status and more. It is the only textbook that genuinely addresses the needs of Australian students by covering Australian qualifications and reflecting Australian conditions, ingredients and our unique cuisine.

Metamaterials have attracted enormous interests from both physics and engineering communities in the past 20 years, owing to their powerful ability in manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, the functionalities of traditional metamaterials are fixed at the time of fabrication. To control the EM waves dynamically, active components are introduced to the meta-atoms, yielding active metamaterials. Recently, a special kind of active metamaterials, digital coding and programmable metamaterials, are proposed, which can achieve dynamically controllable functionalities using field programmable gate array (FPGA). Most importantly, the digital coding representations of metamaterials set up a bridge between the digital world and physical world, and allow metamaterials to process digital information directly, leading to information metamaterials. In this Element, we review the evolution of information metamaterials, mainly focusing on their basic concepts, design principles, fabrication techn

Naples was by far the largest urban center on the Italian peninsula during the early modern period, and in the years covered by this book, from the early 1300s to the early 1600s, its inhabitants witnessed vast programs of building and decoration spurred by the cultural needs of royal, ecclesiastical, and baronial elites. Yet the city's many beautiful churches and palaces, stone sculptures, fresco cycles, and altarpieces have not received the sustained attention in Anglophone scholarship that has been lavished for generations on other major centers of artistic production, such as Florence, Rome, or Venice. This book surveys the visual arts in Renaissance Naples, offering diachronic overviews of urban design, ecclesiastical architecture, painting, tomb sculpture, and palaces, along with a substantial introduction to the complex social and political history of the city.

Electrokinetics is currently the mechanism of choice for fluid actuation and bioparticle manipulation at microscale and nanoscale dimensions. There has recently been interest in the use of AC electric fields, given the many advantages it offers over DC electrokinetics. Nevertheless, a fundamental understanding of the governing mechanisms underlying the complex and nonlinear physicochemical hydrodynamics associated with these systems is required before practical microfluidic and nanofluidic devices can be engineered. This text aims to provide a comprehensive treatise on both classical equilibrium electrokinetic phenomena as well as the more recent non-equilibrium phenomena associated with both DC and AC electrokinetics in the context of their application to the design of microfluidic and nanofluidic technology. In particular, Leslie Yeo and Hsueh-Chia Chang discuss the linear and nonlinear theories underlying electroosmosis, electrophoresis, and dielectrophoresis pertaining to electroly

Chemical reaction engineering has as its objective the taking of desired reaction processes from the laboratory to the full-scale production plant. From its early roots in applied chemistry, it started expanding in the 1950s, since when there has been a substantial growth of the subject as a result of much research in universities and industry. In this 1984 third edition of their established textbook, Professors Denbigh and Turner present a fascinating account of the subject, reflecting these changes. The authors have retained their primary aim of giving the reader a sense of orientation within the subject. The design and operation of industrial reactors nowadays requires computer skills, but such computation must be based on a firm grasp of the principles of chemical reaction engineering. The text was written primarily for undergraduate students of chemical engineering, however, there are selections of references enabling all interested readers to find their way into the literature.

A detective and an FBI agent join forces on what seems like an open-and-shut case―but a new rash of killings sends them on a pulse-pounding race against time in this intense thriller.​Michael and Megan Fitzgerald are siblings who share a terrifying past. Both adopted, and now grown―Michael is a long-haul truck driver, Megan a college student majoring in psychology―they trust each other before anyone else. They've had to. Their parents are public intellectuals, an Ivy League clinical psychologist and a renowned psychiatrist, and they brought up their adopted children in a rarefied, experimental environment. It sheltered them from the world's harsh realities, but it also forced secrets upon them, secrets they keep at all costs.In Los Angeles, Detective Garrett Dobbs and FBI Agent Jessica Gimble have joined forces to work a murder that seems like a dead cinch. Their chief suspect is quickly identified and apprehended―but then there's another killing just like the one they've been investig

Human Motivation, originally published in 1987, offers a broad overview of theory and research from the perspective of a distinguished psychologist whose creative empirical studies of human motives span forty years. David McClelland describes methods for measuring motives, the development of motives out of natural incentives and the relationship of motives to emotions, to values and to performance under a variety of conditions. He examines four major motive systems - achievement, power, affiliation and avoidance - reviewing and evaluating research on how these motive systems affect behaviour. Scientific understanding of motives and their interaction, he argues, contributes to understanding of such diverse and important phenomena as the rise and fall of civilisations, the underlying causes of war, the rate of economic development, the nature of leadership, the reasons for authoritarian or democratic governing styles, the determinants of success in management and the factors responsible

Now the book that began a phenomenon—the first volume of Erin Hunter’s #1 worldwide bestselling Warriors series—is available in a gorgeous package that includes a never-before-seen bonus chapter written by Vicky Holmes. With a foil case design, illustrated endpapers, and custom designed edges, this is a must-have for any true Warriors fan.For generations, four Clans of wild cats have shared the forest according to the laws laid down by their warrior ancestors. But now the ThunderClan cats are in grave danger, and sinister ShadowClan grows stronger every day.In the midst of this turmoil appears an ordinary house cat named Rusty . . . who may yet turn out to be the bravest warrior of them all.

This volume moves discussion of ancient Israelite culture beyond concepts of isolation and borders, factoring in already well-known insights from classical studies and ancient history that take greater account of the impressive connections between all the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. Specifically, the contributors focus on Cyprus and the Bible and offer archaeological and biblical insights to consider how and in what ways, Cyprus and Cypriot culture was related to biblical life and perceptions. Though the Mediterranean separated Palestine from Cyprus, it also joined them; archaeological finds expose significant trade relations and cultural commonalities, not only in the Hellenistic and late-Roman eras, but for many centuries prior. These relations developed and became even more intimate in the later biblical period, as evidenced by early Jewish and Christian writings. By exploring various methods of cultural contact, the contributors suggest that further examination of cu

What does Melville studies look like after a phase of intense critical activity? This book addresses that question by analyzing Melville as a writer who was keenly interested in the pleasures, limits, and possibilities of various reading practices. It collects and assesses all of the major new trends in Melville studies. Essays, written by some of the leading scholars in the field, test out emerging critical methods. They explore Melville's centrality to American literary studies and consider the full range of Melville's career, connecting his poetry to his prose. This collection re-imagines Melville as a theorist as well as a writer, approaching his works as philosophical forms in their own right. It shows how scholars are changing Melville studies not only by re-orienting the texts upon which those studies are based, but also by incorporating new approaches that unsettle prior assumptions and interpretive claims.

Due to the unique cultural capital of his works, Shakespeare has long been the test subject for new methods and digital advances in arts scholarship. Shakespeare sits at the forefront of the digital humanities - in archiving, teaching, performance and editing - impacting on scholars, theatres and professional organisations alike. The pace at which new technologies have developed is unprecedented (and the pressure to keep up is only growing). This book offers seventeen new essays that assess the opportunities and pitfalls presented by the twenty-first century for the ongoing exploration of Shakespeare. Through contributions from a broad range of scholars and practitioners, including case studies from those working in the field, the collection engages with the impact of the digital revolution on Shakespeare studies. By assessing and mediating this sometimes controversial digital technology, the book is relevant to those interested in the digital humanities as well as to Shakespeare schol

Due to the unique cultural capital of his works, Shakespeare has long been the test subject for new methods and digital advances in arts scholarship. Shakespeare sits at the forefront of the digital humanities - in archiving, teaching, performance and editing - impacting on scholars, theatres and professional organisations alike. The pace at which new technologies have developed is unprecedented (and the pressure to keep up is only growing). This book offers seventeen new essays that assess the opportunities and pitfalls presented by the twenty-first century for the ongoing exploration of Shakespeare. Through contributions from a broad range of scholars and practitioners, including case studies from those working in the field, the collection engages with the impact of the digital revolution on Shakespeare studies. By assessing and mediating this sometimes controversial digital technology, the book is relevant to those interested in the digital humanities as well as to Shakespeare schol

The development of geometry from Euclid to Euler to Lobachevsky, Bolyai, Gauss and Riemann is a story that is often broken into parts – axiomatic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry and differential geometry. This poses a problem for undergraduates: Which part is geometry? What is the big picture to which these parts belong? In this introduction to differential geometry, the parts are united with all of their interrelations, motivated by the history of the parallel postulate. Beginning with the ancient sources, the author first explores synthetic methods in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry and then introduces differential geometry in its classical formulation, leading to the modern formulation on manifolds such as space-time. The presentation is enlivened by historical diversions such as Huygens's clock and the mathematics of cartography. The intertwined approaches will help undergraduates understand the role of elementary ideas in the more general, differential setting. This thorough

The development of geometry from Euclid to Euler to Lobachevsky, Bolyai, Gauss and Riemann is a story that is often broken into parts – axiomatic geometry, non-Euclidean geometry and differential geometry. This poses a problem for undergraduates: Which part is geometry? What is the big picture to which these parts belong? In this introduction to differential geometry, the parts are united with all of their interrelations, motivated by the history of the parallel postulate. Beginning with the ancient sources, the author first explores synthetic methods in Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry and then introduces differential geometry in its classical formulation, leading to the modern formulation on manifolds such as space-time. The presentation is enlivened by historical diversions such as Huygens's clock and the mathematics of cartography. The intertwined approaches will help undergraduates understand the role of elementary ideas in the more general, differential setting. This thorough

First published in 1986, this book contains an in-depth treatment on distillation tray hydrodynamics and efficiency, with an emphasis on sieve and valve trays. As distillation lies at the heart of the petroleum and chemical industries, so at the heart of most distillation columns are the trays used to effect the separation. Topics covered by the author include froth, foam and spray, dispersion height, pressure drop, flooding and weeping. Procedures for predicting tray efficiency are outlined including the effects of entrainment, weeping and flow maldistribution. Methods for multicomponent efficiency are also covered with examples. Although distillation tray hydrodynamics is probably one of the most well-researched areas of chemical engineering, few books cover the subject other than on an elementary level. The present volume will be used by graduate students and research workers in chemical engineering, and by chemical and process engineers in industry concerned with distillation and a

This comprehensive 2002 book examines approaches to teaching students who aim to make the leap from 'advanced' or 'superior' proficiency in a foreign language to 'near-native' ability. While there are copious publications on classroom techniques and methods for lower levels of instruction, virtually nothing exists about this transition, which is vital for those who intend to use foreign languages in high-level international arenas. This book, by leading practitioners in this area of foreign language teaching, aims to fill this gap and assist those developing language programmes at the 'advanced to distinguished' level. • Divided into three parts which provide information on different aspects of teaching at this level - theory of advanced language teaching - nine sample programs - description of highly advanced learners based on long-term experience and empirical research • Presents programs in seven languages - Spanish, Arabic, Russian, Chinese, English, French and German • C

Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution caused both outrage and wonder, and quickly made him one of the most famous men in history. From his five-year voyage across the high seas to 20 years of research, follow Darwin on his adventure to prove a theory that would change the world. From artists to aviators and scientists to revolutionaries, the Little Guides to Great Lives series tells the stories of the most amazing people from all over the world and across history, with colorful illustrations and fresh design to bring their incredible stories to life.

Holidays are times of amazing food and celebrating cheer that bring people together. They make for great jokes that readers will rush to share with their family and friends, too. Through an engaging design that brings the jokes to life with humorous illustrations, fun facts, and critical thinking questions that inspire readers to make jokes of their own, Surprising, Goofy Jokes about Holidays will have readers laughing and learning. A table of contents, glossary with pronunciations, further resources, and an index all enhance comprehension in a beginning reader format.

A deluxe illustrated edition of Mary Shelley’s horror classic – the first story in a bold new direction for the MinaLima Classics, the best-selling series from the renowned design studio behind the graphics for the Harry Potter film franchise – featuring original full-color artwork and interactive elements.Frankensteinhas terrified and delighted readers since its initial publication in 1818. Victor Frankenstein’s Creature—stitched together from the limbs of the dead, taken from “the dissecting room and the slaughterhouse”—is a grotesque being who, rejected by his maker and starved of human companionship, embarks on a journey of revenge. In the most famous gothic horror story ever told, Mary Shelley confronts the limitations of science, the nature of human cruelty, hubris, and ambition, and the pathway to forgiveness.Shelley’s revered novel comes to life as never before in this inventive edition showcasing the magical artistry of MinaLima. Brimming with original illustrations and seven

National oil companies (NOCs) play an important role in the world economy. They produce most of the world's oil and bankroll governments across the globe. Although NOCs superficially resemble private-sector companies, they often behave in very different ways. Oil and Governance explains the variation in performance and strategy for NOCs and provides fresh insights into the future of the oil industry as well as the politics of the oil-rich countries where NOCs dominate. It comprises fifteen case studies, each following a common research design, of NOCs based in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. The book also includes cross-cutting pieces on the industrial structure of the oil industry and the politics and administration of NOCs. This book is the largest and most systematic analysis of NOCs to date and is suitable for audiences from industry and academia, as well as policymakers.

National oil companies (NOCs) play an important role in the world economy. They produce most of the world's oil and bankroll governments across the globe. Although NOCs superficially resemble private-sector companies, they often behave in very different ways. Oil and Governance explains the variation in performance and strategy for NOCs and provides fresh insights into the future of the oil industry as well as the politics of the oil-rich countries where NOCs dominate. It comprises fifteen case studies, each following a common research design, of NOCs based in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe. The book also includes cross-cutting pieces on the industrial structure of the oil industry and the politics and administration of NOCs. This book is the largest and most systematic analysis of NOCs to date and is suitable for audiences from industry and academia, as well as policymakers.

Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.

Significant advances over the past two decades in noninvasive cardiovascular imaging technologies and methods to evaluate patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease have transformed the field of cardiovascular imaging. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging, edited by eminent cardiologist and leader in noninvasive cardiac imaging, Dr. Mario J. Garcia, serves as a one-stop, authoritative resource covering the application, value, limitations, and competing and complimentary roles of each of the different cardiac imaging modalities. It provides practical information and guidelines to cardiologists, radiologists, electrophysiologists, vascular medicine physicians, and cardiac surgeons-anyone who needs a deeper understanding of the roles and limitations of various imaging modalities for cardiovascular disease.Offers a focused and concise overview of multimodal cardiac imaging for clinical assessment and treatment.Covers all relevant types of cardiac imaging, including echocardiog

The second edition of this acclaimed, accessible textbook brings the subject of sedimentation and erosion up-to-date, providing an excellent primer on both fundamental concepts of sediment-transport theory and methods for practical applications. The structure of the first edition is essentially unchanged, but all the chapters have been updated, with several chapters reworked and expanded significantly. Examples of the new additions include the concept of added mass, the Modified Einstein Procedure, sediment transport by size fractions, sediment transport of sediment mixtures, and new solutions to the Einstein Integrals. Many new examples and exercises have been added. Erosion and Sedimentation is an essential textbook on the topic for students in civil and environmental engineering and the geosciences, and also as a handbook for researchers and professionals in engineering, the geosciences and the water sciences.

The second edition of this acclaimed, accessible textbook brings the subject of sedimentation and erosion up-to-date, providing an excellent primer on both fundamental concepts of sediment-transport theory and methods for practical applications. The structure of the first edition is essentially unchanged, but all the chapters have been updated, with several chapters reworked and expanded significantly. Examples of the new additions include the concept of added mass, the Modified Einstein Procedure, sediment transport by size fractions, sediment transport of sediment mixtures, and new solutions to the Einstein Integrals. Many new examples and exercises have been added. Erosion and Sedimentation is an essential textbook on the topic for students in civil and environmental engineering and the geosciences, and also as a handbook for researchers and professionals in engineering, the geosciences and the water sciences.

This is a fully revised and updated version of Hans van der Doel's Democracy and Welfare Economics. It presents the economic theory of political decision-making (otherwise knownn as new political economy, or public choice), providing students with an accessible and clear introduction to this important subject. The authors identify four different methods of decision-making by which the political process transforms the demands of individual citizens into government policy and public goods and services: negotiation, majority decision, representations and bureaucratic implementation. These are analysed, in turn, as independent decision-making models whose effectiveness is examined with reference to economic theory. A final chapter draws conclusions from this analysis, arguing that the size of the public sector is a result of forces that work in different directions at different stages of the political process.

The essential guide to protecting and managing the professional reputation of both yourself and your organization.In our modern landscape of social media, viral news stories and fake news, professional reputations can be far too easily dismantled and tarnished. But many senior leaders, entrepreneurs, politicians, talent managers and even in-house lawyers are unaware of the full scope of techniques, methods and precautions that can be taken to prevent, react to, and mitigate reputational crises.As the lines blur between traditional and social media while misinformation runs rampant, reputations have become both more precious and more fragile than ever. In Reputation Matters, Jonathan Coad draws upon his decades of expertise (both as one of the country’s leading media lawyers and as a highly-regarded editorial lawyer) to provide the essential guide to protecting and managing the professional reputation of both yourself and your organization. Passivity in the face of public criticism is o

Proof complexity is a rich subject drawing on methods from logic, combinatorics, algebra and computer science. This self-contained book presents the basic concepts, classical results, current state of the art and possible future directions in the field. It stresses a view of proof complexity as a whole entity rather than a collection of various topics held together loosely by a few notions, and it favors more generalizable statements. Lower bounds for lengths of proofs, often regarded as the key issue in proof complexity, are of course covered in detail. However, upper bounds are not neglected: this book also explores the relations between bounded arithmetic theories and proof systems and how they can be used to prove upper bounds on lengths of proofs and simulations among proof systems. It goes on to discuss topics that transcend specific proof systems, allowing for deeper understanding of the fundamental problems of the subject.

In this age of information overload, people use a variety of strategies to make choices about what to buy, how to spend their leisure time, and even whom to date. Recommender systems automate some of these strategies with the goal of providing affordable, personal, and high-quality recommendations. This book offers an overview of approaches to developing state-of-the-art recommender systems. The authors present current algorithmic approaches for generating personalized buying proposals, such as collaborative and content-based filtering, as well as more interactive and knowledge-based approaches. They also discuss how to measure the effectiveness of recommender systems and illustrate the methods with practical case studies. The final chapters cover emerging topics such as recommender systems in the social web and consumer buying behavior theory. Suitable for computer science researchers and students interested in getting an overview of the field, this book will also be useful for profes

This book presents an introduction to singular-perturbation problems, problems which depend on a parameter in such a way that solutions behave non-uniformly as the parameter tends toward some limiting value of interest. The author considers and solves a variety of problems, mostly for ordinary differential equations. He constructs (approximate) solutions for oscillation problems, using the methods of averaging and of multiple scales. For problems of the nonoscillatory type, where solutions exhibit 'fast dynamics' in a thin initial layer, he derives solutions using the O'Malley/Hoppensteadt method and the method of matched expansions. He obtains solutions for boundary-value problems, where solutions exhibit rapid variation in thin layers, using a multivariable method. After a suitable approximate solution is constructed, the author linearizes the problem about the proposed approximate solution, and, emphasizing the use of the Banach/Picard fixed-point theorem, presents a study of the li

The rapid development of the theories of Volterra integral and functional equations has been strongly promoted by their applications in physics, engineering and biology. This text shows that the theory of Volterra equations exhibits a rich variety of features not present in the theory of ordinary differential equations. The book is divided into three parts. The first considers linear theory and the second deals with quasilinear equations and existence problems for nonlinear equations, giving some general asymptotic results. Part III is devoted to frequency domain methods in the study of nonlinear equations. The entire text analyses n-dimensional rather than scalar equations, giving greater generality and wider applicability and facilitating generalizations to infinite-dimensional spaces. The book is generally self-contained and assumes only a basic knowledge of analysis. The many exercises illustrate the development of the theory and its applications, making this book accessible to res

Dental Functional Morphology offers an alternative to the received wisdom that teeth merely crush, cut, shear or grind food and shows how teeth adapt to diet. Providing an analysis of tooth action based on an understanding of how food particles break, it shows how tooth form from the earliest mammals to modern-day humans can be understood using very basic considerations about fracture. It outlines the theoretical basis step by step, explaining the factors governing tooth shape and size and provides an allometric analysis that will revolutionize attitudes to the evolution of the human face and the impact of cooked foods on our dentition. In addition, the basis of the mechanics behind the fracture of different types of food, and methods of measurement are given in an easy-to-use appendix. It will be an important sourcebook for physical anthropologists, dental and food scientists, palaeontologists and those interested in feeding ecology.