Operating System Concepts

In Working the System: Motion Picture, Filmmakers, and Subjectivities in Mao-Era China, 1949–1966, Qiliang He inquired into the making of the new citizenry in Mao-era China (1949–1976) by studying five preeminent Shanghai-based filmmakers. These case studies shed light on how individuals’ subjectivities took shape in the cinematic arena under a new sociopolitical system after 1949. He suggests that a filmmaker’s subjectivity was not fixed or stable but constantly in flux, requiring a host of “subjectivizing practices” to (re)shape and consolidate it. These filmmakers endeavored to reap maximal benefits from Mao’s sociopolitical system and minimize the disadvantages that would make them victims under the system. In short, Qiliang He argues that the filmmakers not only worked under the socialist system imposed upon them but also worked the system in their best interests.

This book is a self-contained introduction to the fundamental and interesting topics of geometry. The topics covered include the definitions and properties of 2D and 3D shapes, the basic concepts and formulas of perimeter, area and volume, the Pick’s formula, the Cavalieri’s principles, the basic geometric transformations, the concepts of tessellations, the Euler’s polyhedral formula, and the methods of construction of regular polygons and regular polyhedra. Complemented by diagrams, pictures, examples and exercises, the materials covered are suitable for an introductory course on geometry and will appeal to school students, teachers, junior undergraduate students, mathematics instructors or lecturers alike.

Understanding how the Chinese writing system illustrates universal design features of writing and literacy learning, as well as how it differs from alphabetic literacy, has become one of the cutting edge areas of research in the cognitive sciences. A major part of this book is devoted to the presentation of a series of proposals for collaborative research with investigators working in East Asia on cross-writing system comparisons and bilingual literacy—Comparing alphabetic and morpho-syllabic literacy. The part that corresponds to "International perspectives" proposes new avenues in research on problems of bilingualism shared by speakers of all languages. With a broad survey of research advances drawing from recent investigations, this book will provide non-specialist readers with examples of how the relevant concepts might be applied to practical problems-age of acquisition effects in first and second language development; analysis of language attrition and asymmetries of different k

什麼是雅思IELTS？雅思國際英語測驗系統IELTS (The International English Language Testing System)，是由劍橋大學英語考試院設計用來評估欲...

內容簡介IELTS 雅思國際英語測驗系統 (The International English Language Testing System)，是由劍橋大學英語考試院設計用來評估欲...

Moving Forward Together with ESG and USR Partners Every inch of national park land presents a golden opportunity for businesses to realize its ESG goals. Labor shortages are currently regarded as one of the greatest challenges for Taiwanese enterprises. However, recent climate changes have also caused crises such as work stoppages, flooding, fires, and raw material shortages. Businesses must treat environmental protection and biodiversity preservation as issues just as critical as solving labor shortages; we all need to step up the pace in realizing the SDGs. In 2015, the United Nations launched the 2030 SDGs. These serve as a beacon guiding the world toward sustainability. Taiwan’s national park system encompasses nearly 25.4% of Taiwan’s land and marine areas, and is tasked with protecting a range of resources including alpine and low-elevation mountains, marine ecosystems, wetlands, volcanic landscapes, and cultural resources. Taiwan’s park system diversely and comprehensively a

Collected and Curated introduces Chinese art and material culture through the items from the permanent collection of The University Museum and Art Gallery (UMAG), The University of Hong Kong. As the oldest continuously operating museum in Hong Kong, UMAG serves as a significant venue for contemporary art exhibitions, and excels at collecting, documenting and teaching about local and regional artists and art forms, while fostering ongoing and new relationships. Regarded as an essential teaching resource, UMAG has expanded its collection and programming through generous donations from patrons and artists, along with support from the University of Hong Kong and the HKU Museum Society. Since 1953, curators and educators have leveraged this assistance to expand, display and teach with a collection that highlights artefacts ranging from Neolithic cultures (ca. 6500 BCE–ca. 1900 BCE) to the early kingdoms and dynasties of imperial China (ca. 1500 BCE–1911). UMAG has also gained a reputation f

This book covers basic concepts of international trade and local trade practices. It addresses the evolution of electronic commerce and financial technology,including the use of blockchain technology letter of credit and Internet of Things.

Mindfulness and meditation, practices that are rooted in Buddhism, have become mainstream treatments in counseling and psychotherapy that provide evidence of successful outcomes among secular clients. However, for clients from non-Western backgrounds, dissociating mindfulness practice from the core Buddhist teachings can dilute the transformative power of these practices, causing cultural confusion and lowering the effectiveness of treatment. This book is the first to present Early Buddhist Teachings as a theoretical orientation for the millions of individuals affiliated with Buddhism to create a culturally congruent counseling model. Using original sources in Pāli, it explores key Buddhist concepts such as dependent co-arising, non-self, impermanence, and many others. The authors then compare them with Western psychological concepts, furthering ongoing dialogue between Buddhism and psychotherapy and fostering powerful integrations. This volume also demonstrates how to use the Buddhi

地球文明存在著東、西兩個文明波，因為「地球轉動」的緣故，帶動文明波消長，各以約八百年為一個周期，交替循環，二者合計約一千六百年形成一個周期。 林英臣先生以「文明波周期」（Civilization Cycle）、「社會系統」（Social System）的「文明法則史學」分析中國各朝代的興亡，書成《中國文明興亡史》，從西周到中華人民共和國的成立。他認為一個「社會系統」（Social System）大約四百年，並分析其a、b、c、d、e、f、g點，a為「創造起始點」、b至c為「成長期」，c、d、e為「高峰（原）期」，e為「衰弱開始點」，f為「續衰點」，g為「滅亡點」。但也可能出現Double Social System，例如西漢、東漢；北宋、南宋。

Appropriate for use by students at varying levels of competence, Burmese: A Cultural Approach provides a thorough and systematic introduction to the Burmese writing system in Part One and a series of true-to-life conversations in Part Two. Students with some prior knowledge of the spoken language but little familiarity with the Burmese script can use Part One to solidify their grasp of the Burmese sound system as well as its orthography. Intrepid beginners could also start their study of the language by making use of Part One. Doing so would mean making a slower start at formulating phrases as compared to using a romanization system but learners would gain a firmer foundation for the later—and eventually, faster—development of their speaking and reading skills. The conversations in Part Two are extensively annotated in order to illustrate grammatical patterns, characteristic turns of phrase, and typical habits of social interaction. True to an anthropological approach to language le

In a career of public service spanning 30 years, Dr. Leong Che-hung had always been there when Hong Kong people needed him. His faith in serving his own people had taken him from the operating theatre to the Executive Council and Legislative Council representing the medical constituency, and he was successively appointed as the Chairman of the Hospital Authority, the HKU Council and the Elderly Commission, among others. Now, for the first time, Dr. Leong uses each phase of his professional and public career as a spur to reflect on what makes Hong Kong tick. Opinionated, perceptive and often prescient, he tells the inside stories of the city’s most challenging health care crisis and most treasured medical triumphs. Throughout the book, he thinks passionately about many pressing issues facing Hong Kong, and why they are not only challenges but also opportunities. In the end, this is a book more about the history and future of Hong Kong than the life of one of its inhabitants.

Robot Operating System是機器人研究單位以及機器人建模、模擬與原型開發的公司普遍採用的軟體框架。藉由本書的指引，您可以如何將ROS應用於實體機器人開發。 本書收錄了超過14個ROS機器人專題，不需要太多硬體元件就可以進行開發。由ROS與安裝流程開始。基礎概念介紹完畢之後，就會進入各個有趣的專題，例如自駕車、自動化機器人，還有使用ROS搭配深度學習技術來辨識影像。 對於想要在機器人領域闖出一番天地的狂熱玩家來說，本書是您的最佳指引。 您從本書中會學到： ．使用ROS作出自駕車 ．使用深度學習技術搭配ROS開發智能機器人 ．熟悉3D物體辨識 ．使用虛擬實境技術與ROS來控制機器人 ．使用ROS製作AI聊天機器人 ．使用ROS來認識關於機器人的自動導航技術 ．使用ROS來偵測與追蹤臉孔 ．使用手勢來認識機器人的遙操作技術 ．使用Matlab搭配Android製作以ROS為基礎的程式 ．使用TurtleBot製作互動式程式

This book explains the new procedures for knee operations created by Professor Lai and elaborates on the concepts and theories behind his new approach. These new procedures will increase the proficiency of orthopedists and assist them in performing more effective and less painful knee surgeries.

Nutrition aside, there are other interesting topics worth exploring in the pursuit of health. Can cancer be prevented? Why doesn’t everyone live long, healthy lives? What is the relationship between cardiovascular disease and the immune system? How does the immune system affect overall health? Which is a healthier food option: natural and wholesome plant foods or animal-based foods? How do our lifestyles affect our health? Good health is not a secret. To achieve good health, we must first understand it. By drawing links between diet, health, and the immune system, this book provides fascinating insights into the preventive science of Nutritional Immunology.

The Chinese system is like no other known to man, now or in history. This book explains how the system works and where it may be moving. Drawing on Chinese and international sources, on extensive collaboration with Chinese scholars, and on the political science of state analysis, Stein Ringen concludes that under the new leadership of Xi Jinping, the system of government has been transformed into a new regime radically harder and more ideological than the legacy of Deng Xiaoping. China is less strong economically and more dictatorial politically than the world has wanted to believe. By analyzing the leadership of Xi Jinping, the meaning of ＂socialist market economy,＂ corruption, the party-state apparatus, the reach of the party, the mechanisms of repression, taxation and public services, and state-society relations, The Perfect Dictatorship broadens the field of China studies, as well as the fields of political economy, comparative politics, development, and welfare state studies.

◎線條＋符號＋顏色，多種抽象概念的新詮釋。 Line + symbols + colors, new interpretations of multiple abstract concepts. ◎跳過望文生義可能產生的歧解，以最簡單的形式進行最直觀的哲學演繹。 Avoid ambiguity that literal interpretations may lead to, directly interpret philosophies with the simplest methods. 你可曾想過用簡單的筆劃與顏色勾勒物質世界的抽象概念？ 打破現實形式的框架，以冥想、意象、解構，重新簡約而寧靜的感受世界！ 作者以簡單的線條、圖象、文字與顏色演繹二維、三維、四維的種種抽象概念， 藉著解構每幅創作的線條勾勒與組合，可以感受作者解讀物質世界的獨特角度， 是一部意識流動強烈的藝術、哲學創作集。 Have you ever thought about drawing abstract concepts with simply strokes and colors? Break the framework of reality, and feel the world with meditation, imagery, deconstruction, new definitions in peace! The author presents abstract 2-dimensional, 3-dimentional, and 4-dimensional concepts with simple lines, images, texts and colors. By deconstructing the lines and combinations of every creation, you may experience the author’s unique point of view to make sense of the material collection of artistic and philosophical creations of strong consciousness.

Although the arts have been firmly planted in the Hong Kong school system since the 1950s, they are often sacrificed in place of core subjects and preparation for examinations. Drawing on over fourteen years of exploration and experience, Yau makes the case that arts are critical to cultivating creative mindsets, which are our best resource for innovating and responding to challenges in this complex world of sudden changes. Through case studies and conversations with practising artists and educators, this book demonstrates why arts and education, two normally discrete disciplines, should be broadly integrated into the local Hong Kong curriculum, and how this can be – and has been – achieved. This book is intended for policymakers, educators, arts heads, and artists. The volume will also appeal to readers curious about how and why the arts should be foundational to education and capacity building in the twenty-first century.

This is probably the first book dedicated to the life and times of the doctors who have shaped the medical development of Hong Kong. It is a fascinating story of how the pioneers transformed a city with primitive medical services into what it is today—a city with advanced medical facilities as in any major Western city. —Dr. Mak Wai-ping Chairman (Executive Committee) and Board of Directors Hong Kong Museum of Medical Science Society The development of Western medicine in Hong Kong to its current sophisticated state over more than 150 years is a fascinating story. And this book tells the above history from a special perspective—the personalities responsible for this remarkable achievement. These individuals, spanning over a period of over 150 years, comprised doctors in government public medical and health services who advocated new initiatives and laid the infrastructure; those who established health policies, and moved the health system forward; the medical educators who trained t

Surrealism in China initially gained a foothold in Shanghai’s former French concession during the early 1930s, disseminated by returning Chinese students who had directly encountered the movement in Paris and Tokyo. Shanghai surrealism adopted a dialectical form, resonating with the modus operandi of the Parisian movement as well as China’s traditional belief system of Daoism. Reconciling the thought of Freud and Marx, Surrealism subsumed the multiple contradictions that divided Republican Shanghai, East and West, colonial and cosmopolitan, ancient and modern, navigating the porous boundaries that separate dream and reality. Shanghai surrealists were not rigid followers of their Parisian counterparts. Indeed, they commingled Surrealist techniques with elements of traditional Chinese iconography. Rather than revolving around a centralized group with a leader, Shanghai Surrealism was a much more diffuse entity, disseminated across copious different periodicals, avant-garde groups, and th

This volume is the first book-length monograph on the most widespread and deadly infectious disease in China, both historically and today: tuberculosis (TB). Weaving together interviews with data from periodicals and local archives in Shanghai, Rachel Core examines the rise and fall of TB control in China from the 1950s to the 1990s. The answer to this, Core argues, lies in the socialist work-unit system. Under the work-unit system, the vast majority of people had guaranteed employment, a host of benefits tied to their workplace, and there was little mobility—factors that made the delivery of medical and public health services possible in both urban and rural areas. The dismantling of work units amid wider market reforms in the 1980s and 1990s led to the rise of temporary and casual employment and a huge migrant worker population, with little access to health care, creating new challenges in TB control. This study of Shanghai has major implications for institutional research on diseas

With the increasing number of complaints and court cases relating to healthcare disputes, healthcare practitioners (HCPs) are now facing more challenges and dilemmas in their daily practices. This book is unique in that most chapters are written jointly by two authors: one with legal training and one with a healthcare background. The balanced view offered thus allows readers to gain a thorough understanding of the concepts presented. Although most of the examples and scenarios are specific to medical doctors, the basic principles and ethical considerations as well as the enforcement of laws and regulations are, with some modifications, equally applicable to other HCPs, such as dentists, nurses, midwives, etc. Readers interested in healthcare law and ethics from numerous fields and stages of training, including legal and healthcare practitioners, trainees, postgraduate researchers and undergraduate students, will find this book both informative and practical as an aid to their work and

This book describes and analyses the role of the public sector in the often-charged political atmosphere of post-1997 Hong Kong. In this second edition, Ian Scott explores public sector accountability in terms of Hong Kong’s constitutional framework and the structure, functions, and personnel policies of its civil service system. He examines critical issues facing the administration of the public sector and the formulation and implementation of public policy with particular attention to the political challenges confronting the Hong Kong government over the past decade. A concluding chapter assesses how contested values in a changing political environment have affected the public sector in recent years. This edition has been fully updated to incorporate the latest statistics and research, including Scott’s work in such areas as integrity management, corruption prevention, and policing. This book is an essential resource for scholars and students of public administration and public poli

The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong SAR (the “NSL”) promises to be the most important legal development in Hong Kong since the advent of the Basic Law. Many wondered in the aftermath of the NSL how the foundations of Hong Kong’s system might be changed and in what way the freedoms valued by Hong Kong may be affected. Supporters view the law as essential for the preservation of public order and the national security of China and for supporting the fundamental well-being of “One Country, Two Systems”, an arrangement that has been in place since the return of Hong Kong to China. Critics fear an adverse impact on the spirit of “One Country, Two Systems”. From a discussion initiated by the University of Hong Kong’s Faculty of Law, this collection of essays brings together leading experts on Hong Kong and Chinese law to offer an exploratory study of the NSL and its impact on the legal system and the principle of the rule of law in Hon

In Painting Architecture: Jiehua in Yuan China, 1271–1368, Leqi Yu has conducted comprehensive research on jiehua or ruled-line painting, a unique painting genre in fourteenth-century China. This genre relies on tools such as rulers to represent architectural details and structures accurately. Such technical consideration and mechanical perfection linked this painting category with the builder’s art, which led to Chinese elites’ belittlement and won Mongol patrons’ admiration. Yu suggests that painters in the Yuan dynasty made new efforts towards a unique modular system and an unsurpassable plain-drawing tradition. She argues that these two strategies made architectural paintings in the Yuan dynasty entirely different from their predecessors, as well as making the art form extremely difficult for subsequent painters to imitate.

內容簡介 ˙The learning goals that center on the thematic units are set in accordance with the language proficiency levels, established by the ACTFL ˙To Comply with the pedagogical principle of backward design to establish the teaching/learning goals for the intermediate learner of Chinese ˙Integrates into its thematic contents the ACTFL-defined, three mores of language uses as well the 5C concepts ˙Assist the learner to achieve holistic progress and to cultivate specific linguistic abilities of Chinese ˙The selecting of keywords/phrases in thetextbooks is greatly in line with vocabulary levels defined by the HSK and by the TOCFL. The regional difference in language uses between the two sides of theTaiwan Strait are also meticulously annotated in the textbooks In recent years, the background of learners has become diversified, and the number of self-study students of elementary Chinese is also increasing. On the pedagogical front, however, learning materials, found to be biased towards s

學術華語發表系列之《學術演講入門》乃由臺灣聯合大學系統（University System of Taiwan, UST）華語教師合力編撰。教材目標為增進在華語環境中求學和工作的非母語學習者學術...

學術華語漫談系列之《學科主題漫談I》由臺灣聯合大學系統（University System of Taiwan, UST）華語教師合力編撰。教材目標乃為增進非母語學習者在華語環境中求學和工作之學...

Hong Kong’s Link to the US Dollar covers the origins of the city’s currency crisis in 1983, the initial resolution of the crisis by creation of a traditional currency board, the subsequent problems leading to the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98, and the later reforms. A new final chapter traces monetary developments in Hong Kong between 2005 and 2020. This valuable compendium of articles, originally written in the bimonthly journal Asian Monetary Monitor between 1981 and 1989, includes the key article that formed the basis for the Hong Kong government’s decision in 1983 to peg the currency to the US dollar, as well as other important documents of historical record. The main contribution of the book is its detailed monetary analysis of Hong Kong’s unique financial system before and after the currency crisis of 1983. The book explains the collapse of the floating Hong Kong dollar under the pressure of capital outflows during the Sino-British negotiations (1982–84) over the future of

The purpose of this book is to explain both the historical context and current practices of land administration in Hong Kong. Although Hong Kong has an open and business-friendly environment, it is underpinned by a socialist leasehold land tenure system. The government is landlord to virtually all land and so it plays a pivotal role in the administration of this scarce, and therefore, valuable resource.As land administration is governed by private contract law rather than legislation, it is constantly evolving with the courts handing down significant decisions on a regular basis. Government practice has to respond to this, as well as the community’s concern on how best land can be administered. The fifth edition has some substantial and important updates which should continue to be useful to both students and practitioners of surveying, architecture, planning and law, as well as the wider business and financial community.

This collection of selected works by Professor Albert H.Y. Chen shows the contours of the author’s scholarship as it developed over 35 years of his academic career, from 1984 to the present. The essays are divided into three sections which cover the three major domains of Professor Chen’s research. Part I covers the legal developments and controversies of “One Country, Two Systems” since the Hong Kong interpretation on “the right of abode” in 1999 to the anti-extradition movement of 2019. Part II shifts to focus on tradition and modernity in Chinese Law, including China’s Confucian and Legalist traditions and how the socialist legal system in China evolved and modernized in the era of “reform and opening”. Part III examines the transplantation of Western thinking and constitutionalism to East Asia in modern times and discusses the achievements and failures of these efforts. In conjunction with an introductory chapter that sets out the basic orientation and paradigm of these legal and c

Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 presents a rare and lively view of the French experience at Canton, and calls for a reappraisal of France’s role in that trade. France was one of the two most important Western powers in the eighteenth century, and was home to one of the three major European East India companies. Yet the nation is woefully underrepresented in Canton trade scholarship. Susan E. Schopp rescues the French from the sidelines, showing that they exerted a presence that, though closely watched by their rivals, is today largely unrecognized. Their contributions were diverse, ranging from finding new sea routes to inspiring the renovation of hong façades. Consequently, to ignore the French, or to dismiss them as simply “also-rans,” results in a skewed perception of the Canton system. Schopp also demonstrates that while the most distinctive aspect of the French model of company trade was the dominant role of the state—indeed, the French East India Company has been memorabl

◎線條＋符號＋顏色，多種抽象概念的新詮釋。 Line + symbols + colors, new interpretations of multiple abstract concepts. ◎跳過望文生義可能產生的歧解，以最簡單的形式進行最直觀的哲學演繹。 Avoid ambiguity that literal interpretations may lead to, directly interpret philosophies with the simplest methods. 你可曾想過用簡單的筆劃與顏色勾勒物質世界的抽象概念？ 打破現實形式的框架，以冥想、意象、解構，重新簡約而寧靜的感受世界！ 作者以簡單的線條、圖象、文字與顏色演繹二維、三維、四維的種種抽象概念， 藉著解構每幅創作的線條勾勒與組合，可以感受作者解讀物質世界的獨特角度， 是一部意識流動強烈的藝術、哲學創作集。

Paul A. Van Dyke’s new book, Whampoa and the Canton Trade: Life and Death in a Chinese Port, 1700–1842, authoritatively corrects misconceptions about how the Qing government treated foreigners when it controlled all trade in the Guangzhou port. Van Dyke reappraises the role of Whampoa in the system—a port twenty kilometres away from Guangzhou—and reassesses the government’s attitude towards foreigners, which was much more accommodating than previous research suggested. In fact, Van Dyke shows that foreigners were not bound by local laws and were given freedom of movement around Whampoa and Canton to the extent that they were treated with leniency even when found in off-limit places. Whampoa and the Canton Trade recounts the lives of seamen who travelled half-way around the globe at great risk and lived through a historic period that would become the framework for subsequent encounters between China and the rest of the world. Were it not for the exchanges between the major powers and t

An indefatigable discoverer and preserver of lost traditions in the field of classical Chinese medicine, Liu Lihong has done it again—The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Transmission of Acupuncture features a passionate and clinically relevant synthesis of his discipleship with Yang Zhenhai, one of the last remaining master practitioners of Daoist acupuncture in mainland China. At the forefront of an international discourse on the definition and clinical significance of classical Chinese medicine, Yang and Liu promote yet another holistic medical system that radically contrasts the current penchant for symptom-oriented procedures. This English edition of their book lifts an important esoteric acupuncture lineage out of obscurity and presents it to us in complete and accessible form. The holistic approach has also defined Liu’s relentless search for the heart of Chinese medicine during the last three decades, driving his commitment to become the promoter of a diverse spectrum of healing tradit

The First Estates shows the impact on Hong Kong’s urban history of Fairview Park and Hong Lok Yuen, the earliest examples of private estates provided in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Completed in the 1970s and 1980s, both are examples of land development projects built as low-density, American-style suburban house living, the first true alternative to the typical high-rise urban living of Hong Kong. In this book, Roger Nissim traces their evolution—from retreats for urban dwellers to family residences—that followed the expansion of Hong Kong’s public transportation system. The book draws heavily on the original documents that are reproduced in the book. These unearthed documents detail land acquisition process and the negotiations with the government, financiers, local villagers, contractors, and new residents. Read together, this collection of key primary sources—concerning government approvals, site selection, planning and implementation, layout plan, and sales policy—provide the

本研究探討生技製藥產業之部門創新系統(sectoral innovation system)特性，並透過企業能力、組織學習等觀點，解析生技製藥產業之組織原則(organizing principle)複製與企業能力建立策略。同時整合我國生技製藥產業之產學共著、論文發表及內部研發投資等資料，指出部門創新系統之可能障礙

The Silk Manuscripts from Zidanku, Changsha (Hunan), are the only pre-Imperial Chinese manuscripts on silk found to-date. Dating to the turn from the 4th to the 3rd centuries BC (Late Warring States period), they contain several texts concerning basic cosmological concepts, including one manuscript (Manuscript 1) with a diagrammatic arrangement and surrounded by pictorial illustrations. As such, they constitute a unique source of information complementing and going beyond what is known from transmitted texts. This is the first in a two-volume monograph on the Zidanku manuscripts, reflecting almost four decades of research by Professor Li Ling of Peking University. While the philological study and translation of the manuscript texts is the subject of Volume Two, this first volume presents the archaeological context and history of transmission of the physical manuscripts. It records how they were taken from their original place of interment in the 1940s and taken to the United States in

Essentials in the understanding of the development of pre-Qin philosophy. The Mingjia (名家, School of Names) is a notional grouping of philosophers first recorded as such in the Shiji. Their identifying feature was a concern with linguistic issues particularly involving the correct use of names. The group, as listed in the Han Shu, comprised seven men living between the sixth and third centuries BCE. Only four of these men— Deng Xi, Yin Wen, Hui Shi, and Gongsun Long— have extant writings attributed to them, and in three of these there are issues of authenticity. Nevertheless, it is an important group for an understanding of the development of pre-Qin philosophy as the men themselves and the concepts they explored feature prominently in the writings of the other schools. The present volume contains four parts: (i) the extant writings of the four men; (ii) all significant references to them in other works up the fourth century CE; (iii) other significant writings on the topics up to th

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